中国塑料 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 46-51.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2021.02.008

• 材料与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯纳米纤维疏水海绵的制备及吸油性能研究

刘志1,2(), 黄孝海1, 高冰1, 吴波2, 阮芳涛1   

  1. 1.安徽工程大学纺织服装学院,安徽 芜湖 241000
    2.中电科芜湖钻石飞机制造有限公司,安徽 芜湖 241000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-17 出版日期:2021-02-26 发布日期:2021-02-22
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52003002);芜湖市科技计划项目(2018yf47);安徽省纺织结构复合材料国际联合研究中心开放基金(2021ACTC05)

Preparation and Oil Absorption Property of Polyurethane/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Hexafluoropropylene Nanofiber Hydrophobic Sponge

LIU Zhi1,2(), HUANG Xiaohai1, GAO Bing1, WU Bo2, RUAN Fangtao1   

  1. 1.School of Textile and Garment,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,China
    2.CECT Wuhu Diamond Aircraft Manufacture Co,Ltd,Wuhu 241000,China
  • Received:2020-08-17 Online:2021-02-26 Published:2021-02-22
  • Contact: LIU Zhi E-mail:liuzhi@ahpu.edu.cn

摘要:

在较小接受距离6 cm和高相对湿度90 %下,通过静电纺丝技术,成功制备聚偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯(PVDFHFP)纳米纤维功能化商用聚氨酯疏水吸油复合海绵。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对材料的形貌结构进行表征,并研究了复合海绵的吸油性能。结果表明,由于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂的作用,PVDFHFP纳米纤维与聚氨酯在界面处有部分溶解混合,从而达到较强结合力。功能化后复合海绵具备疏水特性和优良吸油能力;吸油能力分别为:橄榄油30.8 g/g、润滑油25.2 g/g、二甲基硅油16.8 g/g、正己烷26.4 g/g;同时,该海绵具备优异的重复使用性,连续使用50次,吸油量仍能保持原有的97.2 %。

关键词: 疏水, 海绵, 聚氨酯, 吸油, 聚偏氟乙烯?六氟丙烯

Abstract:

A type of hydrophobic/oleophilic functional commercial sponges based on polyurethane (PU)/poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene)(PVDFHFP) nanofibers composites was successfully prepared through an electrospinning technology at a high relative humidity of 90 % and a short collection distance of 6 cm. The morphology and structure of the composite sponge were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD, and its oil absorption performance was investigated. The results indicated that the PVDF-HFP nanofibers and PU were partially dissolved and mixed at the interface due to the solvent action of N, N-dimethyl formamide, resulting in a strong binding force. The sponges exhibited excellent hydrophobic properties and a good oil absorption ability with an oil absorption capacity of 30.8 g/g for olive oil, 25.2 g/g for lubricating oil, 16.8 g/g for dimethyl silicone oil and 26.4 g/g for n-hexane. The sponges also showed an excellent reusability, and their oil absorption could still maintain 97.2 % of the original capacity after 50 times cycles.

Key words: hydrophobicity, sponge, polyurethane, oil absorption, polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene

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