Abstract: In this paper, ecologically friendly cellulose acetate (ECA) as a 3D printing material was prepared by melt extrusion. By selecting plasticizer content, printing height and aliphatic peroxide (AP) content as three factors, effects of these factors on anchoring strength among the 3D printing melting lines of ECA were investigated by orthogonal experiment, and an optimal combination of these factors was adopted for processing and performance characterizations of 3D printing parts. The results indicated that the maximum anchoring strength of the parts was around 10 MPa, and an optimal combination included a plasticizer content of 35 wt %, a printing height of 0.2 mm, and an AP content of 0.1 wt ‰. This combination results in a flexural modulus of 1166 MPa and tensile strength of 26.1 MPa for the 3D printing parts.