Abstract: Microplastics has gradually become a global environmental pollution problem and may bring some harm to the human public health and animal health. A number of studies have also shown that gut microbiota is closely related to host health and can act as a toxicity target for certain environmental pollutants like microplastics. This paper reviewed the research status in this issue in terms of the recent literature and summarized the sources, classifications and research direction of microplastics. The paper analyzed the changes in intestinal flora for the tested animals after exposure to microplastics and also discussed the potential mechanisms of microplastics against intestinal flora. This paper can provide a reference and help for the future research about the influence of microplastics on intestinal flora.