PET微塑料对污泥和厨余垃圾共消化的影响

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.07.008

中国塑料 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 51-60.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.07.008

PET微塑料对污泥和厨余垃圾共消化的影响

郭雨文, 曾蓓, 高星, 王攀(), 任连海()

北京工商大学生态环境学院，国家环境保护食品链污染防治重点实验室，北京 100048

收稿日期:2022-02-23 出版日期:2022-07-26 发布日期:2022-07-20
通讯作者: 王攀（1983—），教授，固体废弃物研究方向， wangpan@th.btbu.edu.cn
任连海（1971—），教授，固体废弃物研究方向， renlh@th.btbu.edu.cn
E-mail:wangpan@th.btbu.edu.cn;renlh@th.btbu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“固废资源化”重点专项(2019YFC1906303);国家自然科学基金(42007350);北京市自然科学基金(8202010)

Effect of PET microplastics on performance of co⁃digestion of sewage sludges and food wastes

GUO Yuwen, ZENG Bei, GAO Xing, WANG Pan(), REN Lianhai()

State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control，School of Ecology and Environment，Beijing Technology and Business University，Beijing 100048，China

Received:2022-02-23 Online:2022-07-26 Published:2022-07-20
Contact: WANG Pan, REN Lianhai E-mail:wangpan@th.btbu.edu.cn;renlh@th.btbu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索了中温条件下不同粒径聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）微塑料（30 μm和250 μm）在0、0.45、1.44、2.88 mg/g总固体（TS）的添加量下，对剩余污泥和厨余垃圾厌氧共消化过程中每日甲烷产量、累计甲烷产量、溶解性化学需氧量、氨氮、挥发性脂肪酸以及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明，PET微塑料会抑制甲烷产量、增加氨抑制、酸抑制风险。在微塑料投加量为2.88 mg/g TS时，累计甲烷产量分别下降了54.49 %（30 μm）和 49.58 %（250 μm）。微生物结果表明：添加微塑料后细菌的多样性增加，古菌的多样性降低。在共消化过程，微塑料抑制了产酸菌Prevotella、 Proteiniphilum的丰度，同时也抑制了产甲烷菌Methanosaeta的丰度，减弱乙酸产甲烷的途径。相关性分析表明，微塑料的粒径与Euryarchaetota呈显著正相关（r=0.945、p<0.01）。微塑料粒径越小，对产甲烷菌丰度抑制越明显，与其他细菌相比，产甲烷菌对微塑料更为敏感。

关键词: 微塑料, 厨余垃圾, 剩余污泥, 厌氧共消化, 微生物群落结构

Abstract:

This study focused on the effects of polyethylene terephthalate （PET） microplastics with a particle size ranging from 30 to 250 μm on the co?digestion performance of sewage sludges and food wastes under the mesophilic conditions. The total solid levels were set to be 0， 0.45， 1.44 and 2.88 mg/g TS， and the daily methane production， cumulative methane production， soluable chemical oxigen demand， ammonia nitrogen， volatile fatty acids， and microbial communities in the anaerobic co?digestion system were investigated. The results indicated that the PET microplastics inhibited the production of methane， and a higher microplastic concentration generated a more significant inhibition effect. The presence of the PET microplastics increased the risk of ammonia and acid inhibition. The cumulative methane yields decreased by 54.49 % and 49.58 % for the microplastics with particle sizes of 30 and 250 μm， respectively， at a total solid level of 2.88 mg/g TS. The microplastics increased the bacterial diversity but decreased the archaeal diversity. During the co?digestion process， the microplastics not only inhibited the abundances of the Prevotella， Proteiniphilum， and Methanosaeta but also weakened the pathway of acetic acid methanogenesis. A correlation analysis proved that the particle size of microplastics was positively correlated with Euryarchaetota （r=0.945，p<0.01）. When the particle size of microplastics was smaller， the inhibition on the abundance of methanogens was more remarkable. Methanogens were more sensitive to the microplastics than other bacteria.

Key words: microplastics, food waste, sewage sludge, anaerobic co?digestion, microbial community structure

中图分类号:

TQ323.4⁺1

郭雨文, 曾蓓, 高星, 王攀, 任连海. PET微塑料对污泥和厨余垃圾共消化的影响[J]. 中国塑料, 2022, 36(7): 51-60.

GUO Yuwen, ZENG Bei, GAO Xing, WANG Pan, REN Lianhai. Effect of PET microplastics on performance of co⁃digestion of sewage sludges and food wastes[J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 51-60.

图/表 10

类别	TS含量/%	VS含量/%	碳氮比	pH值	脂肪含量/%	蛋白质含量/%
接种污泥	9.90±0.04	7.72±0.03	4.48±0.46	7.08±0.03	0.19±0.01	2.75±0.01
厨余垃圾	11.97±0.25	11.07±0.40	16.91±3.12	5.61±0.03	0.12±0.16	3.40±0.47
剩余污泥	14.15±0.03	5.67±0.81	5.16±0.53	7.06±0.12	0.12±0.02	3.69±0.14

表1 实验底物的理化参数

Tab.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate

图1 不同粒径PET微塑料对剩余污泥和厨余垃圾厌氧共消化中累计甲烷产量和每日甲烷产量的影响

Fig.1 The effect of different PET microplastics on cumulative methane production and daily methane production of anaerobic co?digestion of sewage sludge and food wastes

图2 PET微塑料对SCOD、氨氮和VFAs浓度的影响

Fig.2 Effects of PET microplastics on SCOD， ammonia nitrogen and VFAs concentration.

样品		物种数目	香农指数	辛普森多样性指数	Chao指数	ACE
原始样品	原始混合样	642	5.555	0.931	750.010	0.763
第2天	对照组	445	3.877	0.822	507.658	521.905
	250 μm	458	4.257	0.848	479.798	500.598
	30 μm	533	5.176	0.907	568.750	582.197
第10天	对照组	531	6.020	0.955	537.443	547.914
	250 μm	311	4.964	0.940	330.588	328.870
	30 μm	406	5.247	0.932	439.000	448.468

表2 细菌Alpha的多样性指数

Tab.2 Diversity index of bacterial Alpha

图3 细菌门水平相对丰度

Fig.3 Relative abundance of bacterial at phylum level

图4 细菌属水平相对丰度

Fig.4 Relative abundance of bacteria at the genus level

样品		物种数目	香农指数	辛普森多样性指数	Chao 指数
原始样品	原始混合样	93	2.559	0.698	94.000
第2天	对照组	107	2.094	0.644	114.800
	250 μm	62	1.593	0.432	62.000
	30 μm	57	0.975	0.290	59.000
第10天	对照组	114	1.876	0.546	116.000
	250 μm	89	1.401	0.397	90.600
	30 μm	75	1.631	0.539	77.500

表3 古菌Alpha的多样性指数

Tab.3 Archaea Alpha diversity index

图5 古菌属水平相对丰度

Fig.5 The relative abundance of archaea at the genus level

图6 微塑料对厌氧消化的微生物机理

Fig.6 Microbial mechanism of microplastics on anaerobic digestion

图7 微塑料、环境因子、甲烷产量与微生物之间的相关性热图

Fig.7 Heatmap of correlations between microplastics， environmental factors， methane production and microorganisms

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PET微塑料对污泥和厨余垃圾共消化的影响

Effect of PET microplastics on performance of co⁃digestion of sewage sludges and food wastes

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