Abstract: The worldwide research progress in the modification of polymers with coal and its solid wastes including fly ash, coal gangue and coal slime was reviewed, and the characteristics and research keystones of various modified polymer systems were introduced. The physical blending method can effectively improve the thermal stability, mechanical and antistatic properties of compounds. The future research directions and development trends of polymers modified with coal and its solid wastes were prospected. These trends included the further decrease of particle size, the improvement of interface compatibility between the coal and its solid wastes and the matrix, the enhancement of theoretical study on microscopic interface structure and enhancement mechanism of composites, the development of new functional composite materials, the simplification of the molding progress and the industrialization of the relevant composite materials as soon as possible.