中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 94-99.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.08.015

• 助剂 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷酸哌嗪⁃三聚氰胺磷酸盐阻燃剂及阻燃聚丙烯的制备

周雷1,2()   

  1. 1.重庆科聚孚新材料有限责任公司,重庆 401332
    2.中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆 400039
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-27 出版日期:2025-08-26 发布日期:2025-07-30
  • 作者简介:周雷(1987—),男,副研究员,从事聚合物高性能化研究,zhoulei_job@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2024?TD?ZD021?02);重庆英才计划“包干制”项目(CQYC202203091006)

Preparation of piperazine phosphate⁃melamine phosphate flame retardant and its flame⁃retardant effect on polypropylene

Zhou Lei1,2()   

  1. 1.Chongqing Copolyforce New Materials Co,Ltd,Chongqing 401332,China
    2.Chongqing Research Institute co Ltd of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corporation,Chongqing 400039,China
  • Received:2025-01-27 Online:2025-08-26 Published:2025-07-30

摘要:

采用二磷酸哌嗪和三聚氰胺磷酸盐为原料热缩聚反应制备磷酸哌嗪⁃三聚氰胺磷酸盐膨胀型阻燃剂,并用于制备阻燃聚丙烯材料。采用核磁共振仪和红外光谱仪分析了阻燃剂的结构,采用热重分析仪表征了阻燃剂及阻燃聚丙烯的热稳定性,研究了阻燃剂配比和含量对聚丙烯材料阻燃性能、极限氧指数和物理力学性能的影响。结果表明,核磁共振分析中端基磷峰(-10.45)、中间磷峰(-23.67)和红外光谱分析中P—O—P的特征峰(867.15 cm-1)的出现,说明了热缩聚反应的发生及阻燃剂共聚结构的存在;阻燃剂和阻燃聚丙烯的T1 %T5 %W800 ℃分别为249.8 ℃、297.3 ℃、44.84 %和304.6 ℃、388.8 ℃、11.95 %,具有良好热稳定性能和成炭性能;二磷酸哌嗪含量越大,聚丙烯的阻燃剂性能越好,极限氧指数越大,断裂伸长率、冲击强度、熔体流动速率越大,拉伸强度、弯曲强度及弯曲模量越低;阻燃剂含量越大,聚丙烯的阻燃性能越好,极限氧指数越大,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度和熔体流动速率下降,而弯曲强度、弯曲模量和密度增加;兼顾阻燃、物理机械性能及成本,阻燃剂中二磷酸哌嗪的最优含量为50 %~70 %,在聚丙烯中的最宜添加量为23 %~25 %。

关键词: 膨胀阻燃剂, 磷酸哌嗪, 三聚氰胺磷酸盐, 阻燃聚丙烯, 共聚阻燃剂

Abstract:

A piperazine⁃melamine phosphate intumescent flame retardant (PMP) was synthesized via thermal condensation of piperazine diphosphate and melamine phosphate, and subsequently incorporated into polypropylene (PP) to prepare flame⁃retardant composites. The structure of PMP was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), with characteristic peaks at -10.45 (end⁃group P), -23.67 (middle P) in NMR, and 867.15 cm-¹ (P—O—P) in FTIR, indicating successful polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed excellent thermal stability, with PMP and flame⁃retardant PP exhibiting T1 % at 249.8 °C and 304.6 °C, T₅% at 297.3 °C and 388.8 °C, and residual weights at 800 °C of 44.84 % and 11.95 %, respectively. The flame⁃retardant performance of PP was improved with increasing piperazine diphosphate content, yielding higher limiting oxygen index (LOI), elongation at break, impact strength, and melt flow rate, but reduced tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus. Higher PMP loading enhanced flame retardancy and LOI of PP but decreased its tensile strength, elongation, impact strength, and melt flow index, while increasing flexural strength, modulus, and density. Balancing flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and cost, the optimal PMP composition was 50 %~70 % piperazine diphosphate, with a recommended PP incorporation rate of 23 %~25 %.

Key words: intumescent flame retardant, piperazine phosphate, melamine phosphate, flame retardant polypropylene, copolymer?type flame retardant

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