中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 48-56.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.01.009

• 加工与应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

动态加载条件下青贮PE膜的机械特性研究

高东明1(), 魏丹丹1, 万其号2   

  1. 1.北京工商大学计算机与人工智能学院,北京 100048
    2.中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-12 出版日期:2025-01-26 发布日期:2025-02-14
  • 作者简介:高东明(1980-),副教授,从事草业机械研究,gaodongming@btbu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFDZ0024)

Study on mechanical properties of silage polyethylene film under dynamic loading conditions

GAO Dongming1(), WEI Dandan1, WAN Qihao2   

  1. 1.School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China
    2.Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China
  • Received:2024-04-12 Online:2025-01-26 Published:2025-02-14

摘要:

针对青贮聚乙烯(PE)膜在实际工况条件下处于动态拉伸,现有相关标准基于静态加载测得机械特性难以更好表征青贮PE膜实际工况条件下的相关特性。文章对PE膜的纵向(MD)、横向(TD)方向试样进行了不同拉伸速率下的单轴拉伸试验(应变范围控制在200 %以内),以及不同初始延伸率下的应力松弛试验。结果表明,PE膜的应力⁃应变(σ⁃ε)曲线呈现显著的速度依赖性和方向依赖性。拉伸过程中PE膜MD、TD方向均经历了二次屈服,随着拉伸速率增加,第二屈服伸长率减小。MD方向的第一、第二屈服强度与拉伸速率的对数(ln v)呈良好线性映射关系。拉伸速率增加可以提高PE膜的屈服强度,以实现对青贮草捆的紧密包裹,但是达到一定速率后,屈服强度变化将不再明显,而且还会降低PE膜的韧性。室温下,在较低(10 %)到较高的固定初始延伸率(70 %)范围内,MD、TD方向PE膜均出现了应力先快速后缓慢降低现象。广义七元件Maxwell模型能较好的描述PE膜应力松弛行为,可用于预测其长期应力松弛特性。随着延伸率增加,应力松弛量降低,应力衰减率降低,松弛模量降低,应力缓慢下降阶段模量更稳定。为实现对青贮的有效密封,要求PE膜兼具刚度和一定抗松弛能力,青贮裹包时PE膜延伸率控制在50 %~70 %之间较为合理。

关键词: 青贮PE膜, 机械特性, 拉伸速率, 屈服伸长率, 应力松弛

Abstract:

The current standards are difficult to measure the characteristics of silage polyethylene (PE) film under actual working conditions. In this study, uniaxial tensile tests at different tensile rates with a strain range within 200 % and stress relaxation tests at different initial elongations were conducted on the PE film specimens in the machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). The tensile test results indicated that there was a pronounced dependency on both stretching speed and direction in the stress⁃strain (σ⁃ε) profiles, and the films exhibited a secondary yielding phenomenon in both MD and TD orientations. With an increase in the tensile rate, there was a decrease observed in the elongation at the second yield. The first and second yield strengths in the MD direction showed a good linear mapping relationship with the logarithm of tensile rate (ln v). An increase in the tensile rate could improve the yield strength of the PE film. However, the yield strength reduced the toughness of PE film after reaching a certain rate. Stress relaxation tests indicated that both the MD⁃ and TD⁃oriented films presented a rapid decrease followed by a gradual reduction in stress across a range from a low initial stretch level (10 %) to the high one (70 %). The generalized seven⁃element Maxwell model could accurately describe the stress relaxation behavior of the PE film, which offered insights into its long⁃term stress relaxation characteristics. The quantity of stress relaxation and rate of stress decay decreased with an increase in the stretch level. This indicated a reduction in the relaxation modulus as well as a more stable modulus during the slow stress decline phase. These findings suggest that to realize the optimal silage sealing, the PE films should balance stiffness with resilience to relaxation with an ideal stretch range of 50~70 % during wrapping.

Key words: silage polyethylene film, mechanical characteristics, tensile rate, yield elongation, stress relaxation

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