Abstract: This paper summarized the application of nanoparticles in toughening and modification of PVC, elaborated the application of nanoCaCO3, nanoSiO2, nanoclay, and coreshell nanoparticles in PVC toughening. Research results showed that these nanoparticles were able to improve toughness and strength of PVC simultaneously. Besides, developing low price of nanoparticles was necessary.