Industry Analysis
ZHANG Pengcheng, ZHOU Dagang, FU Feng, ZHENG Yiming, CHEN Jianfeng
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38 )
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This paper systematically sorts out the current development status， core progress and future directions of China's geosynthetic materials industry. At present， China has become a major global manufacturer of geosynthetic products and a powerful country in engineering application. Its overall manufacturing technology is close to or even reaches the international advanced level. A cross⁃industry standard system， a sound engineering application process， and a multi⁃level talent training system have been established. Meanwhile， the industry still faces significant challenges： it is under a multi⁃agency management structure， has not yet formed technological leadership， and the high⁃end market is still dominated by international brands. Finally， the paper looks forward to optimizing industry management， promoting scientific and technological progress， and strengthening engineering application， so as to provide references for the high⁃quality development of the industry.
WANG Long
Abstract (
33 )
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This paper summarizes the existing advantages of coal⁃based polyolefins in terms of resource endowment， cost competitiveness， and proprietary technologies， while providing an in⁃depth analysis of the practical challenges it faces in process accumulation， product structure upgrading， and low⁃carbon transition pathways.We argue that the industry must shift from scale⁃driven expansion to a quality⁃ and value⁃centric development paradigm， foster the integration of olefin production with low⁃carbon energy resources such as green hydrogen， advance continuous carbon reduction strategies， and explore region⁃specific， wide collaboration pathways to achieve high⁃quality and sustainable growth.
Materials and Properties
LI Shunmei, ZHANG Dong, XU Leyao, JI rongrong, DONG Shixing, ZHOU Ling, ZHAO Xipo
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34 )
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This review systematically summarized the catalytic systems used in the melt polycondensation of poly（lactic acid） （PLA）. It covers conventional metal⁃based catalysts （e.g.， tin and titanium compounds） and low⁃toxicity alternatives （e.g.， rare⁃earth compounds and phosphotungstic heteropolyacids）， with special emphasis on their catalytic mechanisms and influence on final product properties. The development of binary and multi⁃component composite catalysts was highlighted， as these systems demonstrate remarkable synergistic effects that enhance catalytic activity， reaction rate， and the optical purity and thermal stability of PLA. Particular attention was given to the coordination between composite catalysts and stepwise catalytic processes， offering theoretical and technical pathways for the green and controllable synthesis of high⁃performance PLA. Future research should focus on developing efficient， low⁃toxicity catalysts， optimizing synergistic combinations， refining processing technologies， and elucidating polymerization kinetics to facilitate the production of high⁃molecular⁃weight PLA. These advancements are crucial for expanding the industrial application of PLA as a competitive biodegradable material within circular economy systems.
BAI Anjiang, QING Yu, CAI Lu, ZHAO Yonglong, ZHANG Jiali
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28 )
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A low⁃temperature curing and high⁃toughness cyanate ester adhesive was developed using bisphenol⁃E cyanate ester （BEDCy） as the base resin. The adhesive system employed a hybrid catalyst of aluminum acetylacetonate ［Zn（acac）₂］ and diallylbisphenol A （DBA）， with polyethersulfone （PES） as a toughening agent. The catalytic performance of DBA was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）， Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy， and thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicated that the Zn（acac）₂/DBA hybrid catalyst was more effective than Zn（acac）₂ alone in promoting the curing of BEDCy. An optimal formulation with 6 wt% DBA and 0.05 wt% Zn（acac）₂ reduced the DSC curing peak temperature from 218 to 194 °C， enabling complete curing below 200 °C. This DBA/Zn（acac）₂/BEDCy system also exhibited superior curing properties and thermal stability compared to a system catalyzed by nonylphenol. Furthermore， the impact of PES content on the mechanical and thermal properties was investigated. The incorporation of 5 wt% PES as a toughener resulted in a 64 % increase in bond strength compared to the unmodified CE， while maintaining a high 5 % weight⁃loss temperature of 430 ℃. This work successfully achieves an adhesive with an effective balance of low curing temperature， high toughness， and excellent thermal resistance.
HE Qixiang, HAO Yanling, GAO Qiqi, WANG Shihui
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21 )
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Nanocomposite films were fabricated by incorporating titanium dioxide （TiO₂） nanoparticles and roselle extract （RE） into a corn starch matrix using a solution casting method. The films' morphology and chemical structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy， confirming good compatibility among the starch， TiO₂， and RE components. The functional properties， including tensile strength， water vapor barrier performance， and antimicrobial activity， were systematically evaluated. The results indicated a synergistic effect between TiO₂ and RE， leading to a significant enhancement in mechanical and barrier properties. Specifically， the RE/TiO₂/starch composite film exhibited a 53.3 % increase in tensile strength and a 27.1 % reduction in water vapor permeability compared to the pure starch film. The antioxidant activity was primarily attributed to RE， while the antimicrobial effect resulted from the combined action of RE and TiO₂. Furthermore， the composite film demonstrated excellent UV⁃blocking capacity. These findings indicate that the RE/TiO₂/starch nanocomposite is a promising and multifunctional material for advanced food packaging applications.
GUO Jiang, XU Mengyi, HUANG Xiang, HAO Hao, YOU Feng, LI Chenjian, JIANG Xueliang
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21 )
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Nano⁃zirconia （nano⁃ZrO₂） was surface⁃grafted with amino groups （NH₂） and then melt⁃blended with polypropylene⁃g⁃maleic anhydride （PP⁃g⁃MAH） and polypropylene （PP） to form composite pellets. These pellets were processed into dielectric films via casting followed by biaxial orientation. The grafting reaction between the NH₂ groups on ZrO₂ and the anhydride groups of PP⁃g⁃MAH improved the dispersion and compatibility of the nanoparticles within the PP matrix. The resulting NH₂⁃ZrO₂/PP⁃g⁃MAH/PP composite films exhibited enhanced dielectric， thermal， and mechanical properties. Specifically， at a test frequency of 1 kHz and with 2.5 wt% NH₂⁃ZrO₂ content， the composite film achieved a dielectric constant of 4.46， significantly higher than that of pure PP （2.25）， along with high breakdown strength of 492 MV/m and a low dielectric loss of only 0.002 5. These results demonstrated that the applied modification strategy effectively yielded a composite film with a high dielectric constant and breakdown voltage while significantly suppressing dielectric loss.
LIU Yunxue, SHI Xifan, FAN Zhaorong, GU Yaxin, LI Xiangyu, WANG Xiaodan
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22 )
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A soybean oil⁃based polyurethane prepolymer was synthesized by first reacting epoxidized soybean oil with methanol catalyzed by tetrafluoroboric acid， followed by reaction with 2，4⁃toluene diisocyanate. The chemical structure of the prepolymer was confirmed by Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy. Coatings were prepared by applying the prepolymer onto tinplate substrates and curing at room temperature for seven days. The effects of the —NCO to —OH molar ratio （R value） and reaction conditions on the coating properties， including contact angle， physical properties， and corrosion resistance， were investigated. Results indicated that the coating prepared with an R value of 2∶1， a reaction temperature of 70~75 ℃， and a reaction time of 2 h exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance.
MA Zhihui, JIANG Zhihang, YANG Ningning, SUO Rong, YU Yangtao, CAO xinxin
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25 )
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A novel semi⁃conductive shielding material for high⁃voltage cables was prepared with ethylene⁃butyl acrylate copolymer （EBA） as matrix and carbon black （CB） as a conductive material via melt blending using a torque rheometer. This study systematically investigated the effects of acetylene carbon black （ACB） type （G30 and H140G， differing in specific surface area） and content on the volume resistivity， mechanical properties， and flow properties of the composites. The dispersion of ACB and furnace carbon black （CCB） within the EBA matrix was characterized by scanning electron microscopy， and a comparative analysis of the final material properties was conducted. Experimental results demonstrated that a 35 wt% loading of either ACB type yielded optimal volume resistivity， with values of 21.89 Ω·cm for G30 and 7.86 Ω·cm for H140G. Furthermore， the EBA/ACB composites exhibited significantly superior electrical conductivity compared to their EBA/CCB counterparts.
DONG Guochao, XU Liang, HUANG Yanling, LYU Lingfang, CHEN Shisheng, DU Hui, LIU Tao
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22 )
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In this study， a series of recycled polyamide 6 （PA6） materials was developed by blending virgin PA6 （V⁃PA6） with varying proportions of post⁃consumer recycled PA6 （PCR⁃PA6）. The mechanical properties （tensile， flexural， impact） and thermal stability of the blends were systematically investigated as a function of the PCR⁃PA6 content. Results indicated a gradual decline in these properties with increasing PCR⁃PA6 loading. However， when the PCR⁃PA6 content was lower than 20 wt%， the blends retained more than 90 % of their strength and plasticity， meeting the performance criteria for automotive plastics. To validate practical application， a deflector bracket was successfully injection⁃molded using the 20 wt% PCR⁃PA6 formulation. The component passed critical automotive qualification tests， including low⁃temperature impact resistance， thermal cycling， and light aging. Furthermore， a 7 500 km loaded road test confirmed the bracket's durability， with no observable changes in appearance or structure， demonstrating a service life compatible with vehicle requirements.
KE Junmu, LIN Yuanzhi, SU Yuhang, YU Li, HUANG Yifei, WU Binglin, YANG Wenqing
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31 )
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Hexanediol diacrylate （HDDA） was grafted onto poly（butylene succinate） （PBS） using dibenzoyl peroxide （BPO） as an initiator via reactive melt grafting. The successful grafting of HDDA without gelation was confirmed by Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy， ¹H⁃NMR， and gel content analysis. A quantitative model established in TQ Analyst software （correlation coefficient=0.989 6） determined a grafting rate of 0.83 % under optimal conditions （100 ppm PBS， 3 phr HDDA， 0.3 phr BPO）. The introduction of long⁃branched chains reduced the crystallinity of PBS， as characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and wide⁃angle X⁃ray diffraction， while also providing physical entanglement points that promoted nucleation. The grafting process significantly increased the melt strength， evidenced by a rise in torque from 1.73 N·m to 8.17 N·m. Gel permeation chromatography revealed an increase in molecular weight， resulting in a number⁃average molecular weight of 44 825 g/mol and a weight⁃average molecular weight of 184，921 g/mol. Consequently， the modified PBS exhibited improved mechanical properties， demonstrating that grafting with optimal concentrations of HDDA and BPO is an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of PBS.
Processing and Application
GUO Hengrui, WANG Fei, BAI Yanjun, BI Jingxin, CHENG Qianshuai, YANG Wenzhao, WANG Wenzhuo
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24 )
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This study presents a novel 3D printing technique for fabricating and encapsulating flexible liquid metal circuits on a polyimide （PI） substrate. The method precisely controls the circuit's settlement， a key factor in performance， by modulating the imidization degree of the PI base layer and the line width of the liquid metal and its encapsulation. The optimal process parameters reduced the circuit settlement rate to a minimum of 8 %. Furthermore， the influence of various printing parameters on the thickness and surface roughness of the PI layer， as well as on the line widths of the circuit and encapsulation， was systematically investigated. Flexible circuits fabricated with this method exhibited exceptional mechanical stability. After 100 bending cycles with diameters from 2 cm to 3.5 cm， the resistance change rate remained below 0.54 %. Similarly， after 100 torsion cycles within a range from 90 ° to 360 °， the resistance change rate was below 0.45 %. To demonstrate practical application， a flexible LED circuit board was successfully fabricated. The device maintained excellent circuit connectivity and stability under repeated bending and torsion， validating the proposed technique's potential for robust flexible electronics.
LEI Jingfa, WU Wenqi, SUN Hong, LIU Tao, WANG Lu
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22 )
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This study investigates the effect of deposition angle on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling （FDM） specimens fabricated from polylactic acid （PLA）/thermoplastic polyurethane （TPU） blended filament. Specimens were printed with five different deposition angles （0 °， 45 °， 90 °， 45 °/45 °， and 90 °/0 °） to assess their impact on mechanical performance， failure mode， and surface roughness. The results indicated that deposition angle significantly influenced all these properties. The specimen with a unidirectional deposition angle of 0° exhibited optimal mechanical properties and the lowest surface roughness. Furthermore， TPU effectively toughened the PLA matrix， leading to an average increase of over 16 times （1 649.12 %） in fracture toughness across all deposition angles， albeit with average reductions of 20.72 % in tensile strength and 47.65 % in elastic modulus. Two distinct failure modes were observed under uniaxial tensile loading， which could be controlled by adjusting the deposition angle. Notably， a filament twisting phenomenon in the alternating deposition specimens was identified as a key factor contributing to their higher fracture elongation compared to unidirectional specimens.
SUN Chenhao, HUANG Zhigang, WU Yuntao, LIU Zihao
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21 )
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This study investigates the influence of axial screw slotting on the flow patterns within counter⁃rotating twin⁃screw extruders， using polylactic acid （PLA） as the model material. A standard counter⁃rotating twin⁃screw extruder served as the control. The geometric models of the screw and flow channel were meshed and simulated using the Polyflow fluid dynamics software. Tracer particles were introduced to analyze fluid motion. Results indicated that at a screw speed of 60 rpm， a slotted screw configuration enhanced pressure buildup compared to the standard screw， attributable to material accumulation within the slots. However， this pressure⁃building capability weakened as the number of slots increased. Furthermore， the slots promoted irregular flow and extended the material residence time within the C⁃shaped chambers， thereby improving axial mixing and homogeneity. A drawback was the reduction in the screw's self⁃cleaning performance due to the increased structural complexity. Overall， the three⁃slot screw configuration yielded the optimal extrusion performance for PLA.
PANG Yanan, GAO Jianrong
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PVC/CaCO₃ composites were prepared via melt blending using linoleic acid⁃modified nano⁃CaCO₃ as a filler. The influence of the modified nano⁃CaCO₃ on the mechanical properties， flame retardancy， and smoke suppression performance of the composites was systematically investigated. Results indicated that the modified nano⁃CaCO₃ was effectively encapsulated by the PVC matrix. At an optimal loading of 5 wt%， the composite achieved maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of 16.5 MPa and 412.5 %， respectively， corresponding to increases of 47.32 % and 32.3 % compared to pure PVC. Flame retardancy evaluation revealed that the 5 wt% composite exhibited a peak heat release rate of 398.1 kW/m² and a total heat release of 116.1 MJ/m². The incorporation of modified nano⁃CaCO₃ promoted char formation， leading to incomplete combustion characterized by an increased CO generation rate and a decreased CO₂ generation rate. The composite achieved a limiting oxygen index of 39.0 % and a UL 94 rating of V⁃0. These findings demonstrate that the composite possesses excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression properties， suggesting high potential for application in building fireproof materials.
Additive
DUAN Jinsheng, LIU Zhaogang, LI Yilin, JIA Peijie, WU Shuxin
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26 )
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Magnesium⁃aluminum⁃lanthanum layered double hydroxides （MgAlLa⁃LDHs） and their methylglycine⁃intercalated counterparts （MgAlLa⁃N⁃LDHs） were synthesized via a coprecipitation⁃hydrothermal method. The methylglycine intercalation was confirmed by XRD and SEM， which revealed an increased interlayer spacing and a more exfoliated morphology. TGA demonstrated that the modification significantly enhanced the intrinsic thermal stability of the LDHs. When incorporated into PVC， the MgAlLa⁃N⁃LDHs exhibited excellent matrix compatibility， leading to a simultaneous improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break. Moreover， the modified LDHs substantially improved the thermal stability of PVC， as evidenced by increased thermal degradation activation energy and extended stability times in both static and dynamic tests. These results are attributed to the synergistic effect of the rare⁃earth elements and the intercalated methylglycine， which effectively inhibit the degradation of PVC. The methylglycine⁃intercalated MgAlLa⁃LDHs thus present a highly effective and environmentally friendly solution for enhancing PVC's service life， offering strong theoretical and experimental support for their industrial application.
SUN Jinyou, CHEN Yishen, CHEN Yongjun, LIN Minghua, WANG Yao, WANG Hua, Zheng Bin, LI Jing, LI Hongqiang, ZENG Xingrong, LAI Xuejun
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22 )
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A novel zirconium phosphate （ZrP） nanosheet⁃decorated polyphosphazene intumescent flame retardant （RQPZS⁃ZrP） was synthesized using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene （HCCP）， caged phosphate， N⁃alkoxy hindered amine （T152）， and ZrP as raw materials. The effects of RQPZS⁃ZrP content and the mass ratio of its components （T152 and ZrP） on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene （PP） composites were investigated. With a 25 wt% RQPZS⁃ZrP loading， the PP composite achieved a UL 94 V⁃0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.3 %. The peak heat release rate， total heat release， and total smoke production were reduced by 82.3 %， 45.3 %， and 48.0 %， respectively， compared to pure PP. The flame⁃retardant mechanism was systematically revealed： during combustion， the phosphazene ring and caged phosphate underwent intramolecular carbonization （via esterification， cyclization， and cross⁃linking） to form a compact intumescent char layer. This char layer acted as a barrier to mass and heat transfer， thereby inhibiting PP degradation. Simultaneously， the N⁃alkoxy hindered amine groups quenched free radicals， while the ZrP nanosheets catalyzed carbonization， promoting the formation of a robust， graphite⁃like char. Furthermore， the ZrP nanosheets served as a reinforcing skeleton， enhancing the mechanical strength and barrier properties of the char layer.
Plastic and Environment
TANG Junlan, LI Bin, Mao Anqi, YANG Yong
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33 )
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This study quantified the environmental footprint of recycled polypropylene （PP） used in lunch box production by applying a life cycle assessment framework integrated with the circular footprint formula. The assessment evaluated impacts including global warming potential （GWP）， abiotic fossil resource depletion （ADPf）， human toxicity potential （HTP）， ozone depletion potential （ODP）， acidification potential （AP）， and eutrophication potential （EP）. The results for the recycling process， from waste lunch boxes to regenerated PP particles， were determined as follows： 1.837 kg CO₂⁃eq （GWP）， 39.766 MJ （ADPf）， 4.218 kg 1，4⁃DB⁃eq （HTP）， 3.275E⁃08 kg CFC⁃11⁃eq （ODP）， 0.006 kg SO₂⁃eq （AP）， and 0.002 kg PO₄⁃eq （EP）. The initial waste lunch box collection was the dominant contributor， accounting for 84.0 % to 94.9 % of each impact category， while electricity consumption contributed 1.60 % to 14.0 %. Compared to virgin PP processing， the GWP of recycled PP was 49.5 % lower. Normalization analysis revealed that GWP， ADPf， and HTP together constituted 85.2 % and 88.1 % of the total environmental load in Scenarios A and B， respectively. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the choice of allocation method significantly influences the results. The cut⁃off allocation method yielded the lowest environmental impacts for the recycled product， whereas the 50/50 allocation method was found to potentially overestimate impacts for secondary materials.
HUANG Huimin, XU Ruijie, LEI Caihong
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This study developed a series of biodegradable hot⁃melt pressure⁃sensitive adhesives based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate （PBAT）. The molecular weight of industrial PBAT resin was first modulated under controlled conditions. Subsequently， various rosin⁃derived tackifying resins were incorporated to formulate the adhesives. The performance of these PBAT⁃based hot⁃melt pressure⁃sensitive adhesives was evaluated through high⁃temperature rheology and 180° peel strength tests from steel plates. Results indicated that the adhesive formulated with disproportionated rosin exhibited superior properties， achieving peel strength of 5.39 N/25 mm and demonstrating excellent wetting ability on the substrate. Rheological analysis revealed a high modulus， and the viscoelastic profile confirmed that the material's performance aligns with that of a permanent pressure⁃sensitive adhesive. These findings highlight the effectiveness of disproportionated rosin as a tackifier for creating viable， biodegradable hot⁃melt pressure⁃sensitive adhesives from PBAT.
Machinery and Mould
LI Minghua, XUE Ping, WANG Bin, ZHAO Rong, HAN Minyuan, ZHANG Shuai, HAN Jingjing
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30 )
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Improving the safety and efficiency of processing energetic materials in twin⁃screw extruders is critical. This study investigates the impact of process conditions on extrusion safety using a simulation approach with EDEM， Ludovic， and Polyflow softwares. The parallel coaxial twin⁃screw extrusion process was modeled to analyze key parameters， including temperature， pressure， and average residence time of the material during mixing and plastication. Simulation results provide specific safe operating windows： at a screw speed of 12 r/min， the recommended feed rate is 5.6~8.4 kg/h； at 15 r/min， the safe feed rate range is 5.6~11.2 kg/h. Furthermore， the material's physical properties， specifically the power law index and consistency coefficient， were found to significantly influence extrusion safety. Therefore， to enhance process safety， it is recommended to select materials with an appropriate moisture content range tailored to different stages of the actual process.
Review
HOU Qinzheng, LI Haoyi, LUO Shen, LI Changjin, SI Daoxing, YANG Weimin, DING Yumei, CHI Bin
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This review comprehensively summarizes the current research status of supercritical fluid⁃assisted polymer processing technologies， and introduces the fundamental principles and unique characteristics of supercritical fluids. The review provides a critical analysis of major applications， including supercritical⁃assisted spinning， foaming， and blending modification. For each technology， the discussion covers a technical overview， process mechanisms， essential equipment， recent research advances， and future development directions. This work aims to serve as a valuable reference for researchers and engineers， facilitating the further development and industrial application of these promising polymer processing techniques.
BAO Luo, LI Xindong, ZHU Qinyan, JIA Jianghui, YU Siwei, CAI Meng, ZHONG Zhaohuang
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This review paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in the development of MXene⁃based composite nanofiltration membranes. By outlining the primary synthesis routes for MXene nanomaterials， the review critically analyzes various strategies for constructing thin⁃film composite membranes with MXene， highlighting the distinct advantages of each approach， such as enhanced water permeability or improved selectivity. The multifaceted roles of MXene in modifying membrane properties， including permeability， selectivity， and antifouling performance， are thoroughly discussed. Finally， the review addresses the current challenges hindering the widespread application of MXene⁃based nanofiltration membranes and offers perspectives on promising future research directions. This work aims to provide valuable insights and guide further innovation in the field of high⁃performance separation membranes.
LIU Yi, SHI Wenzhao, LIU Jinshu, LU Shaofeng, DONG Jiankun, CHEN Yuanpeng
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This paper reviews recent advances in composite phase change materials （PCMs） based on the thermoplastic elastomer styrene⁃ethylene⁃butylene⁃styrene （SEBS）. It systematically covers the structural design of SEBS⁃based PCMs and their resulting thermal， dielectric， and flexible properties. Furthermore， the paper outlines the application progress of SEBS⁃based PCMs in various fields， including thermal management of electronic components， building energy efficiency， and personal thermal management. Finally， the review provides a perspective on the future industrialization of high⁃performance， high⁃value⁃added SEBS⁃based PCMs.
YANG Xiaohan, ZHANG Hao, CHEN Rui, YANG Chenguang, LI Mufang, WANG Wenwen
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23 )
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This paper reviews the recent research advancements in the functional modification of polyamide 6 （PA6） resin and fibers， aiming to provide insights for developing functional， high⁃value⁃added nylon products to meet application demands in diverse fields.
