Abstract: Bamboo fibers were treated with NaOH solution and the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/ bamboo fiber (EVA/BF) composites were prepared by a twin screw extruder and injection molding, and analyzed by IR, SEM, DSC, XRD, TG, MFI and mechanical testing. The results demonstrated that BF had heterogeneous nucleation effect on crystallization of EVA. The compressive modulus and strength of EVA increased significantly with the addition of BF, and the tensile strength of EVA/30-40% BF were close to or higher than that of pure EVA. Relatively higher thermal stability of EVA/BF composites during the melt processing results from the removal of the cementing materials of BF during alkali treatment, better interfacial adhesion betweed EVA and BF, and lower melt processing temperature of EVA.