Abstract: The PLA-based nanocomposite fibers with different contents of CeO2 were prepared by an electrospinning method, and the effect of CeO2 content on the properties of electrostatic spinning liquid, voltage, fiber diameter and the propagation of membrane cells were investigated systematically. The results indicated that the surface tension of electrospinning solution decreased gradually with an increase of CeO2 content, but the conductivity increased gradually. Scanning electron microscopic observation demonstrated that the diameter of electrospun PLA fiber increased with an increase of the voltage at first and then tended to decrease, and the higher the voltage, the wider was the distribution of fiber diameter. The addition of CeO2 could effectively reduce the diameter of PLA fibers, and however the overloading of CeO2 resulted lead to an increase in fiber diameter as well as a wider distribution in diameter. DSC results indicated that the incorporation of CeO2 promoted the crystallinity of PLA significantly, thus resulting in a transformation of crystallization behavior from multiple melting peaks into the single one. Moreover, the PLA/CeO2 nanocomposite membranes exhibited good biocompatibility, and the increase of CeO2 content enhanced the propagation of membrane cells more significantly.