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© 《China Plastics》
© 《China Plastics》
China Plastics ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 106-111.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.01.015
• Machinery and Mould • Previous Articles
JIA Mingyin(), XU Wenyi, REN Haoyu, XUE Ping
Received:
2023-06-02
Online:
2024-01-26
Published:
2024-01-22
CLC Number:
JIA Mingyin, XU Wenyi, REN Haoyu, XUE Ping. Research progress in similarity amplification theory of screw extruders[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(1): 106-111.
相似放大方法 | 理论公式 | 特点 | 适用情况 |
---|---|---|---|
Carley/McKelvey(混合)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 基于熔体输送段分析,保证放大前后恒定的剪切速率、停留时间、剪切应变和比能耗。 | 理想条件较多,适合牛顿流体在完全存满的情况下的中、小型机器。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)3 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Maddock(通用)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.5 | 不利于混合过程的安全性,通过增加熔融段的长度,减少固体输送段和泵送段的长度可以弥补熔化能力的不足。 | 聚合物挤出行业中 最常用的放大方法。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2.5 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Person相似放大 | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-(2+2m)/(1+3m) | 能平衡的固体输送、熔化和泵送3个阶段,缺点在于产量增长相当缓慢。 | 对产量要求不高的情况下。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)(1+5m)/(1+3m) | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Schenkel相似放大 | N2=N1 | 具有较多理想的特性,保持螺杆长度和宽度比、剪切应变、比能耗和平均停留时间恒定。 | 仅考虑熔体输送过程。 |
Q2=Q1 | |||
L2=L1 | |||
Rauwendaal(1)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)⁃(1+m)/(1+2m) | 低Brinkman数下熔融速率低于泵送速率,导致固体输送、熔化和泵送速率的不平衡。 | 仅用于熔体进料挤出机或塑化挤出机的熔体输送部分。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Rauwendaal(2)(热传递)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1 | 熔融速率与泵送速率相匹配,能产生良好的挤出机性能和混合温度控制。但其产量低于常见的放大方法。 | 仅用于熔体进料挤出机或塑化挤出机的熔体输送部分。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)(1+2m)/2m | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)(1+m)/2m | |||
Fischer/Potente(1)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1.4 | 基于准绝热挤出机,存在固体输送速率与熔融速率以及泵送速率不匹配,停留时间显著增加,比能耗受m影响。 | 只适用于特殊的聚合物;(实验证明m=3/11下等式)。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)1.6⁃0.7m | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Fischer/Potente(2)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.6 | 基于传统挤出机的相似放大理论,易出现熔融速率和非恒定比耗能(SEC)的增加不足。 | 只适用于m=1(牛顿流体)聚合物。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2.4⁃0.3m | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
热敏性聚合物 相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1 | 只考虑在低Brinkman数下的熔化性能,应加大螺杆速度以保持螺杆圆周速度恒定。 | 适用于热敏感或剪切敏感的聚合物。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)1.5 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
基于熔融能力的平衡相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.7 | 通过调节螺杆不同段的L/D比,来提高熔融能力。 | 适用于直径放大比例较小场合。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2<L1(DE2/DE1)1 |
相似放大方法 | 理论公式 | 特点 | 适用情况 |
---|---|---|---|
Carley/McKelvey(混合)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 基于熔体输送段分析,保证放大前后恒定的剪切速率、停留时间、剪切应变和比能耗。 | 理想条件较多,适合牛顿流体在完全存满的情况下的中、小型机器。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)3 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Maddock(通用)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.5 | 不利于混合过程的安全性,通过增加熔融段的长度,减少固体输送段和泵送段的长度可以弥补熔化能力的不足。 | 聚合物挤出行业中 最常用的放大方法。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2.5 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Person相似放大 | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-(2+2m)/(1+3m) | 能平衡的固体输送、熔化和泵送3个阶段,缺点在于产量增长相当缓慢。 | 对产量要求不高的情况下。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)(1+5m)/(1+3m) | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Schenkel相似放大 | N2=N1 | 具有较多理想的特性,保持螺杆长度和宽度比、剪切应变、比能耗和平均停留时间恒定。 | 仅考虑熔体输送过程。 |
Q2=Q1 | |||
L2=L1 | |||
Rauwendaal(1)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)⁃(1+m)/(1+2m) | 低Brinkman数下熔融速率低于泵送速率,导致固体输送、熔化和泵送速率的不平衡。 | 仅用于熔体进料挤出机或塑化挤出机的熔体输送部分。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Rauwendaal(2)(热传递)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1 | 熔融速率与泵送速率相匹配,能产生良好的挤出机性能和混合温度控制。但其产量低于常见的放大方法。 | 仅用于熔体进料挤出机或塑化挤出机的熔体输送部分。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)(1+2m)/2m | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)(1+m)/2m | |||
Fischer/Potente(1)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1.4 | 基于准绝热挤出机,存在固体输送速率与熔融速率以及泵送速率不匹配,停留时间显著增加,比能耗受m影响。 | 只适用于特殊的聚合物;(实验证明m=3/11下等式)。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)1.6⁃0.7m | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
Fischer/Potente(2)相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.6 | 基于传统挤出机的相似放大理论,易出现熔融速率和非恒定比耗能(SEC)的增加不足。 | 只适用于m=1(牛顿流体)聚合物。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2.4⁃0.3m | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
热敏性聚合物 相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1 | 只考虑在低Brinkman数下的熔化性能,应加大螺杆速度以保持螺杆圆周速度恒定。 | 适用于热敏感或剪切敏感的聚合物。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)1.5 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
基于熔融能力的平衡相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.7 | 通过调节螺杆不同段的L/D比,来提高熔融能力。 | 适用于直径放大比例较小场合。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2<L1(DE2/DE1)1 |
相似放大方法 | 理论公式 | 特点 | 适用情况 |
---|---|---|---|
几何⁃容积⁃剪切速率相似放大[ | N2=N1(k2/k1)1 | 利用产量公式逆推放大后螺杆主要参数。 | 常用于已知产量放大下。 |
Q2=Q1(Vp2/Vp1)1 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
热平衡相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)x | 考虑物料本身的特性,树脂黏度特性相对螺杆直径比对正确放大影响较大。同时螺杆转速取决于产量。 | 尺寸较大挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2.8 | |||
m2=m1(DE2/DE1)0.3~1 | |||
综合热平衡和混合相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.5 | 热传导引起的温度场变化较小,剪切速率和平均停留时间保持恒定。 | 适用于同向双螺杆挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)0.5 | |||
产量相似放[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 优先保证产品质量和产量,再考虑其他参数。将正交试验和模拟仿真结合,可以降低放大的风险性。 | 适用于同向双螺杆挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)q | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
通道深度相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-2/3 | 能够满足恒定混合的要求,但导致了温度变化,对于大尺寸挤出机的圆周速度和磨损较高。 | 挤出机在完全绝热条件下运行,不适合于大型挤出机 (D>200 mm)。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
层流混合相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1 | Br和Gz数是恒定,此时机筒壁的热交换系数非常重要。 | 熔融段中具有凹槽进料区的挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)1.5 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
阻力流百分比 相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 准确地保持了分散混合行为。 | 适用于部分填充的系统。 |
Q2=Q1%DF | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)0 | |||
体积相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 基于混合相似放大理论, 在螺杆等效填充度的情况下进行。 | 挤出机形状必须几何相似。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)3 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 |
相似放大方法 | 理论公式 | 特点 | 适用情况 |
---|---|---|---|
几何⁃容积⁃剪切速率相似放大[ | N2=N1(k2/k1)1 | 利用产量公式逆推放大后螺杆主要参数。 | 常用于已知产量放大下。 |
Q2=Q1(Vp2/Vp1)1 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
热平衡相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)x | 考虑物料本身的特性,树脂黏度特性相对螺杆直径比对正确放大影响较大。同时螺杆转速取决于产量。 | 尺寸较大挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2.8 | |||
m2=m1(DE2/DE1)0.3~1 | |||
综合热平衡和混合相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-0.5 | 热传导引起的温度场变化较小,剪切速率和平均停留时间保持恒定。 | 适用于同向双螺杆挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)0.5 | |||
产量相似放[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 优先保证产品质量和产量,再考虑其他参数。将正交试验和模拟仿真结合,可以降低放大的风险性。 | 适用于同向双螺杆挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)q | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
通道深度相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-2/3 | 能够满足恒定混合的要求,但导致了温度变化,对于大尺寸挤出机的圆周速度和磨损较高。 | 挤出机在完全绝热条件下运行,不适合于大型挤出机 (D>200 mm)。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)2 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
层流混合相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)-1 | Br和Gz数是恒定,此时机筒壁的热交换系数非常重要。 | 熔融段中具有凹槽进料区的挤出机。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)1.5 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 | |||
阻力流百分比 相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 准确地保持了分散混合行为。 | 适用于部分填充的系统。 |
Q2=Q1%DF | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)0 | |||
体积相似放大[ | N2=N1(DE2/DE1)0 | 基于混合相似放大理论, 在螺杆等效填充度的情况下进行。 | 挤出机形状必须几何相似。 |
Q2=Q1(DE2/DE1)3 | |||
L2=L1(DE2/DE1)1 |
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