Flexible surface myoelectric electrodes based on fiber skeleton reinforcement

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.07.012

Abstract

Abstract:

A flexible surface myoelectric electrode based on a polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS）/silver paste/PDMS@fiber skeleton@flexible silver paste three⁃layer structure was proposed. The resistance changes under different external stimuli such as bending and twisting were analyzed， and the stability of the electrodes was evaluated through adhesion and ultrasonic experiments. The results indicated that such a three⁃layered flexible surface EMG electrode had a high conductivity of below 0.5 Ω/sq， excellent resistance stability with a resistance change rate lower 3 % after 1 000 bending）， good mechanical strength with an electrode⁃substrate adhesion higher than 1 000 N/m， and good skin consistency. When used for an electrical muscle sensor， the developed electrode could effectively recognize various movement intensities with a signal⁃to⁃noise ratio， which was 36 % and 49 % higher than those of the conventional Ag/AgCl gel electrode and copper electrode， respectively.

Key words: fiber skeleton, surface muscle electrical electrodes, three?decker

CLC Number:

TQ320.79

GAO Zhenqiang, WANG Fei, BAI Yanjun. Flexible surface myoelectric electrodes based on fiber skeleton reinforcement[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(7): 68-73.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of the trilayer structure of the electrode

Fig.2. Principle of electrode operation

Fig.3. Flow chart of the preparation of the three⁃layer myoelectric electrodes

Fig.4. Micrograph of tritriple structure of the electrode

Fig.5. The surface of the electrode with and without PDMS

Fig.6. The influence of PDMS content in PDMS/silver paste

Fig.7. Resistance stability testing of the surface EMG electrodes

Fig.8. Mechanical stability testing of the surface myoelectric electrodes

Fig.9. Electrode physical and skin consistency test

Fig.10. The surface EMG electrodes collecting the EMG signals for different gestures

Fig.11. The surface EMG electrodes collecting the EMG signals at different exercise intensities

References 25

1	Liu Z， Wang X， Qi D， et al. High⁃adhesion stretchable electrodes based on nanopile interlocking［J］. Advanced Materials， 2016， 29（2）： 1 603 382⁃1 603 389.
2	Guo R， Sun X， Yao S， et al. Semi‐liquid‐metal‐（Ni‐EGaIn）‐based ultraconformable electronic tattoo［J］. Advanced Materials Technologies， 2019， 4（8）： 1900183.
3	Yao S， Swetha P， Zhu Y. Nanomaterial‐enabled wearable sensors for healthcare［J］. Advanced healthcare materials， 2018， 7（1）： 1700889.
4	Cataldi P， Bonaccorso F， Esau del Rio Castillo A， et al. Cellulosic graphene biocomposites for versatile high‐performance flexible electronic applications［J］. Advanced Electronic Materials， 2016， 2（11）： 1600245.
5	Wang X， Liu Z， Zhang T. Flexible sensing electronics for wearable/attachable health monitoring［J］. Small， 2017， 13（25）： 1602790.
6	Pan D， Jia H， Bin W， et al. Biomimetic wearable sensors： emerging combination of intelligence and electronics［J］. Advanced Science， 2024， 11（5）： 2303264.
7	Yun Y J， Ju J， Lee J H， et al. Highly elastic graphene‐based electronics toward electronic skin［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2017， 27（33）： 1701513.
8	Che Z， Xiao W， Jin X， et al. Speaking without vocal folds using a machine⁃learning⁃assisted wearable sensing⁃actuation system［J］. Nature Communications， 2024， 15（1）： 1⁃11.
9	Xiong P， Wu C， Zhou H， et al. Design of an accurate end⁃of⁃arm force display system based on wearable arm gesture sensors and EMG sensors［J］. Information Fusion， 2018， 39： 178⁃185.
10	Servati A， Zou L， Wang Z J， et al. Novel flexible wearable sensor materials and signal processing for vital sign and human activity monitoring［J］. Sensors， 2017， 17（7）： 1 622.
11	Das P S， Park J Y. A flexible touch sensor based on conductive elastomer for biopotential monitoring applications［J］. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control， 2017， 33： 72⁃82.
12	Wang C， Xia K， Wang H， et al. Advanced carbon for flexible and wearable electronics［J］. Advanced Materials， 2019， 31（9）： 1801072.
13	Jian M， Xia K， Wang Q， et al. Flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensors based on bionic hierarchical structures［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2017， 27（9）： 1606066.
14	Trung T Q， Lee N E. Recent progress on stretchable electronic devices with intrinsically stretchable components［J］. Advanced Materials， 2017， 29（3）： 1603167.
15	Yamada T， Hayamizu Y， Yamamoto Y， et al. A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human⁃motion detection［J］. Nature Nanotechnology， 2011， 6（5）： 296⁃301.
16	Amjadi M， Kyung K U， Park I， et al. Stretchable， skin‐mountable， and wearable strain sensors and their potential applications： a review［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2016， 26（11）： 1 678⁃1 698.
17	Yang H， Xue T， Li F， et al. Graphene： diversified flexible 2D material for wearable vital signs monitoring［J］. Advanced Materials Technologies， 2019， 4（2）： 1800574.
18	Hong S， Lee H， Lee J， et al. Highly stretchable and transparent metal nanowire heater for wearable electronics applications［J］. Advanced Materials， 2015， 27（32）： 4 744⁃4 751.
19	Amjadi M， Pichitpajongkit A， Lee S， et al. Highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on silver nanowire–elastomer nanocomposite［J］. ACS Nano， 2014， 8（5）： 5 154⁃5 163.
20	Tong L， James W， Carmel M. Soft anisotropic conductors as electric vias for ga⁃based liquid metal circuits［J］. ACS Appl， 2015， 7：26 923⁃26 929.
21	Liu L， Li H Y， Fan Y J， et al. Nanofiber‐reinforced silver nanowires network as a robust， ultrathin， and conformable epidermal electrode for ambulatory monitoring of physiological signals［J］. Small， 2019， 15（22）： 1900755.
22	Syversen， Aron， Zhang Z Q， et al. Wearable sensors as a preoperative assessment tool： a review［J］. Sensors， 2024， 24（2）： 482.
23	Guan L， Nilghaz A， Su B， et al. Stretchable‐fiber‐confined wetting conductive liquids as wearable human health monitors［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2016， 26（25）： 4 511⁃4 517.
24	Qiu A， Li P， Yang Z， et al. A path beyond metal and silicon： polymer/nanomaterial composites for stretchable strain sensors［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2019， 29（17）： 1806306.
25	Narei H， Ghasempour R， Akhavan O. Toxicity and safety issues of carbon nanotubes［M］.Carbon nanotube⁃reinforced polymers. Elsevier， 2018： 145⁃171.

[1]	WU Ruonan, SHI Wenzhao, LU Shaofeng, LIU Jinshu, DONG Jiankun, CUI Junjie, ZHANG Ling. Research progress in adsorption and separation of dyeing wastewater by β⁃cyclodextrin polymer [J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(5): 120-128.
[2]	JIANG Fangxin, LI Xianhua, TIAN Qingtao, WANG Limin, LI Peixun, DU Jiangtao. Experimental study on curing index of adhesives for retard⁃bonded prestressed steel strand [J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(5): 94-99.
[3]	XU Lidan, LI Yu, XU Haiyun, XIANG Lubing, CHENG Debao, WANG Zhiwei. Performance analysis of polyethylene compound and noncompound pipes [J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(12): 78-83.
[4]	MA Juncheng, XU Shuangping, WANG Xintian, JIA Hongge, ZHANG Mingyu, QU Yanqing. Research progress in biomass⁃based materials for iodine adsorption [J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(11): 178-191.
[5]	ZHAO Hejin, WAN Xian, LU Jiahui, ZHANG Hongyu, GUO Baohua. Development and applications of phase⁃change energy⁃storage material in architecture [J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(11): 46-61.
[6]	Yanjun LI, Jiayu ZHAN, Miao JIN, Tong LI, Wenbo ZHANG. Determination of Plastics Pipeline Span for Overhead Installation [J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(6): 60-65.