中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 72-78.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.12.012

• 加工与应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

单向/交替沉积角度对FDM PLA/TPU共混物力学性能的影响

雷经发1,2, 吴文奇1, 孙虹1,2(), 刘涛1,2, 王璐1,2   

  1. 1.安徽建筑大学机械与电气工程学院,合肥 230601
    2.工程机械智能制造安徽省教育厅重点实验室,合肥 230601
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 出版日期:2025-12-26 发布日期:2025-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 孙虹(1978-),硕士,副教授,研究方向为检测技术与自动化装置,sunhong2014@163.com
    E-mail:sunhong2014@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目(KJ2021ZD0068);安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT?2023?025);合肥市自然科学基金资助项目(HZR2432)

Influence of unidirectional/alternating deposition angles on the mechanical properties of FDM PLA/TPU blends

LEI Jingfa1,2, WU Wenqi1, SUN Hong1,2(), LIU Tao1,2, WANG Lu1,2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,China
    2.Anhui Education Department Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing for Engineering Machinery,Hefei 230601,China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Online:2025-12-26 Published:2025-12-22
  • Contact: SUN Hong E-mail:sunhong2014@163.com

摘要:

采用熔融共混法制备聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合线材,再经熔融沉积成型(FDM)以五种沉积角度(0 °、45 °、90 °、45 °/45 °、90 °/0 °)制得PLA/TPU共混试样。研究了沉积角度对力学性能和破坏模式的影响以及TPU改性PLA基共混物用于FDM的增韧效果。结果表明,沉积角度对力学性能和表面粗糙度影响显著,单向沉积角度α为0°时力学性能最佳,表面粗糙度Sa值最低,TPU对PLA增韧效果较好,5种沉积角度的试样断裂伸长率平均提高了16倍以上(1 649.12 %),拉伸强度和弹性模量平均降低了20.72 %和47.65 %;FDM试样在单轴拉伸加载下具有两种破坏模式,可以通过调控沉积角度来实现相互转换;细丝扭转现象是影响交替沉积试样的断裂伸长率比单向沉积更高的关键因素。

关键词: 熔融沉积成型, 聚乳酸, 热塑性聚氨酯, 力学性能, 破坏模式

Abstract:

This study investigates the effect of deposition angle on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) specimens fabricated from polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blended filament. Specimens were printed with five different deposition angles (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 45 °/45 °, and 90 °/0 °) to assess their impact on mechanical performance, failure mode, and surface roughness. The results indicated that deposition angle significantly influenced all these properties. The specimen with a unidirectional deposition angle of 0° exhibited optimal mechanical properties and the lowest surface roughness. Furthermore, TPU effectively toughened the PLA matrix, leading to an average increase of over 16 times (1 649.12 %) in fracture toughness across all deposition angles, albeit with average reductions of 20.72 % in tensile strength and 47.65 % in elastic modulus. Two distinct failure modes were observed under uniaxial tensile loading, which could be controlled by adjusting the deposition angle. Notably, a filament twisting phenomenon in the alternating deposition specimens was identified as a key factor contributing to their higher fracture elongation compared to unidirectional specimens.

Key words: fused deposition modeling, polylactic acid, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, mechanical property, failure mode

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