中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 85-91.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.12.014

• 加工与应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

改性纳米CaCO3在PVC建筑防火材料中的应用研究

庞亚男(), 高建荣()   

  1. 山西职业技术学院材料环境工程系,太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-12-26 发布日期:2025-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 高建荣(1974.9—),男,汉族,本科,教授,研究方向:职业教育,材料工程,15834025342@163.com
    E-mail:brady0520@163.com;15834025342@163.com
  • 作者简介:庞亚男(1980.12-),女,汉族,硕士,讲师,研究方向:建筑材料生产及检测,brady0520@163.com

Application research of modified nano⁃calcium carbonate in the PVC building fireproof material

PANG Yanan(), GAO Jianrong()   

  1. Department of Materials Environmental Engineering,Shanxi Polytechnic College,Taiyuan 030006,China
  • Received:2025-03-21 Online:2025-12-26 Published:2025-12-22
  • Contact: GAO Jianrong E-mail:brady0520@163.com;15834025342@163.com

摘要:

使用亚油酸改性纳米CaCO3并通过熔融共混的方法制备了PVC/改性纳米CaCO3复合材料,研究了改性纳米CaCO3对PVC复合材料的力学以及阻燃抑烟性能的影响。结果表明,改性纳米CaCO3掺杂后被PVC紧密包裹,当添加量达到5 %(质量分数,下同)时,PVC复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到了最大值16.5 MPa和412.5 %,相较纯PVC分别提高了47.32 %、32.3 %;添加5 % 改性纳米CaCO3的复合材料放热峰值降低至最小值398.1 kW/m2,总热释放降至116.1 MJ/m2,改性纳米CaCO3的引入加速了PVC成炭,使得燃烧过程中的氧化反应不完全,增大复合材料燃烧时CO的生成速率,降低了CO2的生成速率,复合材料的LOI值可达39.0 %,UL 94为V⁃0级。因此,其具有优异的阻燃抑烟性能,可以广泛应用于建筑防火材料领域。

关键词: 纳米碳酸钙, 聚氯乙烯, 建筑防火材料

Abstract:

PVC/CaCO₃ composites were prepared via melt blending using linoleic acid⁃modified nano⁃CaCO₃ as a filler. The influence of the modified nano⁃CaCO₃ on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression performance of the composites was systematically investigated. Results indicated that the modified nano⁃CaCO₃ was effectively encapsulated by the PVC matrix. At an optimal loading of 5 wt%, the composite achieved maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of 16.5 MPa and 412.5 %, respectively, corresponding to increases of 47.32 % and 32.3 % compared to pure PVC. Flame retardancy evaluation revealed that the 5 wt% composite exhibited a peak heat release rate of 398.1 kW/m² and a total heat release of 116.1 MJ/m². The incorporation of modified nano⁃CaCO₃ promoted char formation, leading to incomplete combustion characterized by an increased CO generation rate and a decreased CO₂ generation rate. The composite achieved a limiting oxygen index of 39.0 % and a UL 94 rating of V⁃0. These findings demonstrate that the composite possesses excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression properties, suggesting high potential for application in building fireproof materials.

Key words: nano?calcium carbonate, polyvinyl chloride, building fireproof material

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