表面活性剂对介孔二氧化硅气凝胶结构和性能的影响研究

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.04.013

中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 69-74.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.04.013

表面活性剂对介孔二氧化硅气凝胶结构和性能的影响研究

雷琦锋()

中铁建设集团有限公司，北京 100040

收稿日期:2024-12-12 出版日期:2025-04-26 发布日期:2025-04-23
作者简介:雷琦锋（1993—），工程师，研究方向为多孔材料研究，1738409864@qq.com
基金资助:
高海拔艰险山区铁路建设关键材料的腐蚀机理与性能评价方法(U2368207)

Effect of surfactant on the structure and properties of mesoporous SiO₂ aerogel materials

LEI Qifeng()

China Railway Construction Group Co，Ltd，Beijing 100040，China

Received:2024-12-12 Online:2025-04-26 Published:2025-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用表面活性剂模板化的溶胶⁃凝胶法制备了介孔二氧化硅（SiO₂）气凝胶，并通过常压分级干燥进行干燥。研究了表面活性剂对SiO₂气凝胶的微观结构、导热性和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，加入表面活性剂可以避免常规溶胶⁃凝胶法合成时的溶剂交换过程，表面活性剂的引入可调控SiO₂气凝胶的孔结构，制备的SiO₂气凝胶具有低导热系数［0.018~0.035 W/（m·K）］、高比表面积（469.56~692.07 m²/g）和良好的疏水性（接触角为136.7 °~151.8 °）。本研究提供了一种低成本制备优异性能SiO₂气凝胶的有效方法，制备的气凝胶可作为建筑和工业节能领域的隔热保温材料。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 二氧化硅气凝胶, 常压分级干燥, 低导热系数

Abstract:

A mesoporous SiO₂ aerogel was synthesized by using a surfactant⁃assisted templating sol⁃gel technique through graded ambient pressure drying. The effects of surfactants on the microstructure， thermal conductivity， and thermal stability of the as⁃synthesized SiO₂ aerogel were investigated. The results indicated that the introduction of surfactants not only could avoid the solvent exchange process in the conventional sol⁃gel method but also could regulate the porous structure of the SiO₂ aerogel. The SiO₂ aerogel exhibited a low thermal conductivity of 0.018~0.035 W m^-1K^-1， a high specific surface area of 469.56~692.07 m²/g， and good hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 136.7 °~151.8 °. This study provides an effective method for low⁃cost preparation of SiO₂ aerogel with excellent performance， and the resultant aerogel can be used as thermal insulation and heat preservation materials in the building and industrial fields.

Key words: surfactant-assisted, SiO₂ aerogel, ambient pressure drying, low thermal conductivity

中图分类号:

TQ320.66

雷琦锋. 表面活性剂对介孔二氧化硅气凝胶结构和性能的影响研究[J]. 中国塑料, 2025, 39(4): 69-74.

LEI Qifeng. Effect of surfactant on the structure and properties of mesoporous SiO₂ aerogel materials[J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(4): 69-74.

图/表 6

图1 表面活性剂制备SiO2气凝胶流程图

Fig.1 Synthesis flowchart of silica aerogels prepared with surfactant

样品	表观密度/ g·cm^-3	孔隙率/%	比表面积/m²·g^-1	平均孔径/ nm	孔体积/ cm³·g^-1
S₁	0.208	90.34	469.56	39.75	3.95
S₂	0.203	90.89	480.70	33.91	2.80
S₃	0.184	91.42	475.20	30.38	2.65
S₁⁃500	0.162	95.25	580.12	19.43	2.49
S₂⁃500	0.152	95.23	644.52	15.56	2.04
S₃⁃500	0.148	96.63	692.07	12.71	0.89

表1 不同表面活性剂制备的SiO2气凝胶的结构特性

Tab.1 Summary of the textural properties of silica aerogels prepared with various surfactants

图2 不同SiO2气凝胶的氮气等温吸脱附曲线和孔径分布

Fig.2 N2 adsorption⁃desorption isotherms and pore⁃size distributions of silica aerogels

图3 不同表面活性剂制备的SiO2气凝胶在500 ℃热处理前后的TEM照片

Fig.3 TEM of silica aerogels prepared with different surfactants before and after heat treatment at 500 ℃

图4 SiO2气凝胶的FTIR谱图和TG曲线

Fig.4 FTIR and TG curves of the silica aerogels

图5 SiO2气凝胶的接触角图

Fig.5 Digital photographs of the water contact angles

参考文献 18

1	Mahani A A， Motahari S， Mohebbi A.Sol⁃gel derived flexible silica aerogel as selective adsorbent for water decontamination from crude oil ［J］. Mar Pollut Bull， 2018， 129： 438⁃447.
2	Smirnova I 1， P Gurikov. Aerogels in chemical engineering： strategies toward tailor⁃made aerogels ［J］. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng， 2017， 8： 307⁃334.
3	Venkateswara Rao A， Bhagat Sharad D. Synthesis and physical properties of TEOS⁃based silica aerogels prepared by two step （acid⁃base） sol⁃gel process ［J］. Solid State Sci， 2004， 6： 945⁃952.
4	Liu P， Geng G Q， Wang Y J. Study on preparation of silica aerogels derived from silica sol ［J］. Adv Mater Res， 2012， 496： 7⁃11.
5	Smith D M， Stein D， Anderson J M， et al. Preparation of low⁃density xerogels at ambient pressure ［J］. MRS Proc， 1995， 381： 104⁃112.
6	Moulik S P， Chakraborty I， Rakshit A K. Role of surface⁃active materials （amphiphiles and surfactants） in the formation of nanocolloidal dispersions， and their applications ［J］. J Surfactants Deterg， 2022（6）：703⁃727.
7	Pathan T， Girase M， Patel K， et al. Synergistic self⁃assembly in a surface⁃active ionic liquid and an anionic surfactant mixed system： a comprehensive physicochemical analysis ［J］. Ind Eng Chem Res， 2024， 63： 9 688⁃9 700.
8	Vareda J P， Maximiano P， L P.Cunha，et al. Effect of different types of surfactants on the microstructure of methyltrimethoxysilane⁃derived silica aerogels： a combined experimental and computational approach ［J］. J Colloid Interface Sci， 2018， 512： 64⁃76.
9	Yun S， Guo T， Zhang J D， et al. Facile synthesis of large⁃sized monolithic methyltrimethoxysilane⁃based silica aerogel via ambient pressure drying ［J］. J Sol⁃Gel Sci Technol， 2017， 83： 53⁃63.
10	Zeng T， Chen G. Phonon heat conduction in thin films： impacts of thermal boundary resistance and internal heat generation［J］. Journal of Heat Transfer， 2001， 123： 340⁃347.
11	Shi F， Wang L J， Liu J X. Synthesis and characterization of silica aerogels by a novel fast ambient pressure drying process ［J］. Mater Lett， 2006， 60： 3 718⁃3 722.
12	Kanamori K. Organic⁃inorganic hybrid aerogels with high mechanical properties via organotrialkoxysilane⁃derived sol⁃gel process ［J］. J Ceram， 2011， 119： 16⁃22.
13	Woignier T， Phalippou J， Prassas M. Glasses from aerogels ［J］. J Mater Sci， 1990， 25： 3 118⁃3 126.
14	Shewale P M， Rao A V， Rao A P. Effect of different trimethyl silylating agents on the hydrophobic and physical properties of silica aerogels ［J］. Appl Surf Sci，2008， 254： 6 902⁃6 907.
15	Sanli D， Erkey C. Monolithic composites of silica aerogels by reactive supercritical deposition of hydroxy⁃terminated poly（dimethylsiloxane）［J］. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces，2013， 5： 11 708⁃11 717.
16	Wang S， Zhu Z， Zhong Y， et al. Comparative studies on the physicochemical properties of in⁃situ hydrophobic silica aerogels by ambient pressure drying method ［J］. J Porous Mater， 2023， 30： 2 043⁃2 055.
17	Parale V G， Lee K Y， Jung H N R， et al. Facile synthesis of hydrophobic， thermally stable， and insulative organically modified silica aero⁃gels using co⁃precursor method ［J］. Ceram Int， 2018， 44： 3 966⁃3 972.
18	He S， Huang Y， Chen G， et al. Effect of heat treatment on hydrophobic silica aerogel ［J］. J Hazard Mater， 2019， 362： 294⁃302.

表面活性剂对介孔二氧化硅气凝胶结构和性能的影响研究

Effect of surfactant on the structure and properties of mesoporous SiO₂ aerogel materials

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 18

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

表面活性剂对介孔二氧化硅气凝胶结构和性能的影响研究

Effect of surfactant on the structure and properties of mesoporous SiO2 aerogel materials

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 18

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

Effect of surfactant on the structure and properties of mesoporous SiO₂ aerogel materials