水凝胶用于高灵敏度应变传感器的研究进展

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.09.013

中国塑料 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 73-81.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.09.013

水凝胶用于高灵敏度应变传感器的研究进展

宋莎莎¹(), 司星雨¹, 郑霓鸣¹, 俞盈², 张扬¹()

^1.北京工商大学轻工科学与工程学院，北京 100048
^2.北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875

收稿日期:2024-03-10 出版日期:2024-09-26 发布日期:2024-09-27
通讯作者: 张扬（1982—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为聚合物基功能复合材料，绿色包装材料， zhangyang@th.btbu.edu.cn
E-mail:17855766500@163.com;zhangyang@th.btbu.edu.cn
作者简介:宋莎莎（1997—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为电磁功能复合材料，17855766500@163.com
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金面上项目(2242032);北京市科技重点项目（北京市自然基金-市教委联合资助）(KZ202010011019)

Research progress in hydrogels for high⁃sensitivity strain sensors

SONG Shasha¹(), SI Xingyu¹, ZHENG Niming¹, YU Ying², ZHANG Yang¹()

^1.School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2024-03-10 Online:2024-09-26 Published:2024-09-27
Contact: ZHANG Yang E-mail:17855766500@163.com;zhangyang@th.btbu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

首先综述了压电式、电阻式、摩擦电式以及电容式4种应变传感器的类型的及其传感机理。其次，深入探讨了提升水凝胶应变传感器灵敏度的关键方法。通过选用导电纳米粒子与离子材料等适宜材料，采用微球、锯齿状、多孔等特定结构设计，以及多因素的综合复合等方式，可以赋予水凝胶应变传感器高灵敏度的特征。随后，归纳了此类传感器在智能电子、可穿戴设备和医疗健康领域的应用实例。最后，展望了目前面临的挑战与未来的机遇。

关键词: 水凝胶, 应变传感器, 传感机理, 高灵敏度

Abstract:

This review provided a comprehensive overview in four types of strain sensors， including piezoelectric， resistive， triboelectric， and capacitive strain sensors， and their sensing mechanisms were summarized. The essential methods for improving the sensitivity of hydrogel strain sensors were discussed， which involved the selection of suitable materials such as conductive nanoparticles and ionic materials and the adoption of specific structural designs such as microspheres， sawtooth⁃like patterns， and porous structures. A comprehensive integration of these factors was also involved. These strategies enable the hydrogel strain sensors to obtain a high sensitivity. Furthermore， the application of hydrogel strain sensors in the fields of smart electronics， wearable devices， and medical health were introduced. Finally， the current challenges and the prospect of future opportunities in the development and applications of hydrogel strain sensors were discussed.

Key words: hydrogel, strain sensor, sensing mechanism, high sensitivity

中图分类号:

TQ322

宋莎莎, 司星雨, 郑霓鸣, 俞盈, 张扬. 水凝胶用于高灵敏度应变传感器的研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2024, 38(9): 73-81.

SONG Shasha, SI Xingyu, ZHENG Niming, YU Ying, ZHANG Yang. Research progress in hydrogels for high⁃sensitivity strain sensors[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(9): 73-81.

图/表 6

图1 水凝胶应变传感器的工作机理

Fig.1 Working mechanism of hydrogel strain sensor

图2 聚丙烯酸钠微凝胶，通过释放Na+，向水凝胶传递电信号的示意图［33］

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of sodium polyacrylate micro gel transmitting electrical signals to hydrogel by releasing Na+［33］.

图3 基于结构引起的水凝胶应变传感器的高灵敏度特性机理

Fig.3 High sensitivity characteristic mechanism of hydrogel strain sensor based on structure

图4 自主电动植物致动器的构建［46］

Fig.4 Construction of the autonomous electrical phytoactuator［46］

图5 （a）MXene/PAA水凝胶在HMI电子产品中的应用［47］；（b）连接到身体不同部位的信号测试图，用于监测各种关节运动［14］；（c） PACT⁃P水凝胶电子传感器用于实时监测人体运动［42］

Fig.5 （a） Application of MXene/PAA hydrogel in HMI electronic products［47］；（b） signal test maps connected to different parts of the body for monitoring various joint movements［14］；（c） PACT⁃P hydrogel electronic sensor is used for real⁃time monitoring of human movement［42］

图6 高灵敏度水凝胶应变传感器用于癌症检测［48］

Fig.6 High sensitivity hydrogel strain sensor for cancer detection［48］

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水凝胶用于高灵敏度应变传感器的研究进展

Research progress in hydrogels for high⁃sensitivity strain sensors

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