Research progress in waterborne intumescent flame⁃retardant coatings for steel structure

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2023.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper reviewed the research progress in waterborne intumescent flame⁃retardant coatings for steel structure， and the mechanism of thermal insulation was analyzed. The classic expansion flame⁃retardant system， new synergistic flame⁃retardant systems， and methods for water⁃resistant improvement were introduced. Acrylic resin， epoxy resin， waterborne polyurethane， and silicone as well as their modification technologies were discussed. The synergistic effects of flame⁃retardant， fillers and nanomaterials were analyzed in detail. Finally， the future research direction of waterborne intumescent fire⁃retardant coatings for steel structure was prospected.

Key words: fire retardant coating, intumescence coating, flame retardancy, structural steel, nano?material

CLC Number:

TQ317

HUANG Yating, LI Lianliang, ZHANG Yi, TANG Wei, QIAN Lijun. Research progress in waterborne intumescent flame⁃retardant coatings for steel structure[J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(2): 77-89.

Figures/Tables 5

References 80

1	Lucherini A， Maluk C. Assessing the onset of swelling for thin intumescent coatings under a range of heating conditions［J］.Fire Safety Journal，2019，106：1⁃12.
2	Puspitasari W C， Ahmad F， Ullah S，et al. The study of adhesion between steel substrate， primer， and char of intumescent fire retardant coating［J］.Progress in Organic Coa⁃tings，2019，127：181⁃193.
3	Gerard C， Fontaine G， Bellayer S，et al. Reaction to fire of an intumescent epoxy resin： Protection mechanisms and synergy［J］.Polymer Degradation and Stability，2012，97：1 366⁃1 386.
4	Wang M T， Xiao G Q， Chen C L，et al. Highly thermally stable zirconium oxide deposited layered double hydroxide for enhancing flame retardancy of waterborne epoxy coatings［J］.Colloids and Surfaces A⁃Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2021，628.
5	Jimenez M， Bellayer S， Revel B，et al. Comprehensive study of the influence of different aging scenarios on the fire protective behavior of an epoxy based intumescent coating［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2013，52：729⁃743.
6	Ullah S， Ahmad F， Al⁃Sehemi A G，et al. Effects of expandable graphite on char morphology and pyrolysis of epo⁃xy based intumescent fire⁃retardant coating［J］.Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2021，38（41）： 51206.
7	Mastalska⁃Poplawska J， Kadac K， Izak P，et al. The influen⁃ce of ceramic additives on intumescence and thermal activity of epoxy coatings for steel［J］.Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2020，138（9）： 49914.
8	朱辉，段凯歌，倪佳，等. 膨胀型阻燃涂料的制备及性能研究［J］.现代涂料与涂装，2020，23（1）：15⁃19.
	ZHU H， DUAN K G， NI J，et al. Preparation and Properties of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating［J］. Modern Paint & Finishing，2020，23（1）：15⁃19.
9	Ullah S， Ahmad F， Yusoff P，et al. Effect of boric acid and melamine on the intumescent fire⁃retardant coating composition for the fire protection of structural steel substrates［J］.Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2013，128：2 983⁃2 993.
10	Hansupo N， Tricot G， Bellayer S，et al. Getting a better insight into the chemistry of decomposition of complex flame retarded formulation： New insights using solid state NMR［J］.Polymer Degradation and Stability，2018，153：145⁃154.
11	Wang C， Huo S， Liu S，et al. Exfoliated and functionali⁃zed boron nitride nanosheets towards improved fire resistance and water tolerance of intumescent fire retardant coating［J］.Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2021，38（15）： 50177.
12	沈航. 三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐⁃双季戊四醇发泡体系在水性钢构防火涂料中的应用［J］.涂料工业，2018，48：21⁃27，40.
	SHEN H. Application of melamine polyphosphate⁃dipentaerythritol foaming system in waterborne fireproof coa⁃tings for steel structure［J］. Paint & Coatings Industry，2018，48：21⁃27，40.
13	郝建薇，陈夙，杜建新，等. 双环笼状磷酸酯在膨胀阻燃涂层中的应用［J］.北京理工大学学报，2007，11：1 027⁃1 031.
	HAO J W， CHEN S， DU J X，et al. An investigation on caged bicyclic phosphate applied to intumescent flame retardant coating［J］. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology，2007，11：1 027⁃1 031.
14	Shi Y， Wang G. The novel silicon⁃containing epoxy/PEPA phosphate flame retardant for transparent intumescent fire resistant coating［J］. Applied Surface Science，2016， 385：453⁃463.
15	王娜，王树伟，滕海伟，等. 壳聚糖基阻燃剂制备及其在防火涂层中应用［J］.精细化工，2018，35：1 968⁃1 973.
	WANG N， WANG S W， TENG H W，et al. Preparation of a chitosan⁃based flame retardant and its application in fireproofing coating［J］. Fine Chemicals，2018，35：1 968⁃1 973.
16	王树伟. 生物基膨胀型阻燃剂的制备及在钢结构防火涂料中的应用［D］.沈阳：沈阳化工大学， 2018.
17	Wang N， Teng H， Zhang X，et al. Synthesis of a carrageenan⁃iron complex and its effect on flame retardancy and smoke suppression for waterborne epoxy［J］.Polymers，2019，11（10）：1677.
18	陈敏，王德海，蔡万泼，等. 水性膨胀型防火涂料的耐水性研究［J］.科技通报，2012，28：126⁃129.
	CHEN M， WANG D H， CAI W P，et al. Study on the water resistance of water⁃borne fire⁃retardant coatings［J］. Bulletin of Science and Technology，2012，28：126⁃129.
19	唐波. 阻燃型丙烯酸防水涂料的制备及其性能研究［D］.北京：北京化工大学，2020.
20	杜勇. 溴碳酚醛环氧超薄型钢结构防火涂料的研制［D］.兰州：兰州理工大学，2010.
21	Liu Z， Dai M， Hu Q，et al. Effect of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate on the durability and fire resistance of waterborne intumescent fire⁃retardant coatings［J］.Journal of Coatings Technology and Research，2019 16：135⁃145.
22	Liu X， Guo J， Sun J，et al. The preparation of a bisphenol a epoxy resin based ammonium polyphosphate ester and its effect on the char formation of fire resistant transparent coa⁃ting［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2019 129：349⁃356.
23	冯伟华. 水性环氧树脂基海洋平台钢结构膨胀防火涂料的制备研究［D］.北京：北京化工大学，2019.
24	Sun L S， Qu Y T， Li S X. Co⁃microencapsulate of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol in intumescent flame⁃retardant coatings［J］. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry，2013，111：1 099⁃1 106.
25	谷凤媚，莫秋凤，赵小莲，等. 膨胀型阻燃剂的疏水改性及对水性阻燃涂料性能的影响［J］.精细化工，2019，36：828⁃834，849.
	GU F M， MO Q F， ZHAO X L，et al. Hydrophobic modification of intumescent flame retardant and its effect on properties of waterborne flame retardant coatings［J］. Fine Chemicals，2019，36：828⁃834，849.
26	许乾慰，孙栋，王国建，等. 基料树脂对钢结构防火涂料防火性能的影响［J］.涂料工业，2010，40：53⁃57.
	XU Q W， SUN D， WANG G J，et al. Effect of styrene⁃acrylate binder on fireproof property of fireproof coatings for steel structures［J］. Paint & Coatings Industry，2010，40：53⁃57.
27	范方强，夏正斌，李清英，等. 成膜物质对水性防火涂料膨胀阻燃性能的影响［J］.华南理工大学学报（自然科学版），2012，40：26⁃31，37.
	FAN F Q， XIA Z B， LI Q Y，et al. Effects of binder re⁃sins on expansion and flame⁃retardant performances of waterborne fire⁃retardant coatings［J］. Journal of South China University of Technology （Natural Science Edition），2012，40：26⁃31，37.
28	朱远. 水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的制备与性能研究［D］.广州：华南理工大学，2016.
29	王华进，赵薇，王丹，等. 用于膨胀型防火涂料的本体杂化乳液的合成及性能研究［J］.涂料工业，2009，39：22⁃24，41.
	WANG H J， ZHAO W， WANG D，et al. Synthesis and performance of mass hybrid emulsion for intumescent fire retardant coatings［J］. Paint & Coatings Industry，2009，39：22⁃24，41.
30	邱珍珍. 水性超薄膨胀型防火涂料用乳液的制备及性能研究［D］.广州：华南理工大学，2014.
31	Liu Z， Dai M， Wang C，et al. Effects of the addition mode and amount of organic montmorillonite in soft⁃core/hard⁃shell emulsion on fire protection， water resistance and stability of fire retardant coating［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2016，101：350⁃358.
32	王国建，钱晖. 固化剂对钢结构用超薄膨胀型水性环氧防火涂料性能的影响［J］.上海涂料，2010，48：1⁃4.
	WANG G J， QIAN H. Influence of curing agents on ultrathin intumescent water borne epoxy fire retardant coatings for steel structure［J］. Shanghai Coatings，2010，48：1⁃4.
33	王珂，李定华，杨荣杰. 环氧固化体系对膨胀型防火涂层耐火性能的影响［J］.高分子材料科学与工程，2016，32：51⁃56.
	WANG K， LI D H， YANG R J. Effect of epoxy curing system on intumescent flame retardant coatings［J］. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering，2016，32：51⁃56.
34	Wang G， Yang J. Influences of molecular weight of epoxy binder on fire protection of waterborne intumescent fire resistive coating［J］.Surface & Coatings Technology，2012，206：2 146⁃2 151.
35	姜清淮，李志士，王华进，等. 基体树脂的选择及其对膨胀型防火隔热涂层性能影响［J］.涂料工业，201747：7⁃12.
	JIANG Q H， LI Z S， WANG H J，et al. Matrix resin and its effect on thermal insulation intumescent flame retardant coatings［J］. Paint & Coatings Industry，2017，47：7⁃12.
36	Wang G J， Yang J Y. Influences of binder on fire protection and anticorrosion properties of intumescent fire resistive coating for steel structure［J］.Surface & Coatings Technology，2010，204：1 186⁃1 192.
37	田星，夏延致. 磷氮协效阻燃水性聚氨酯的阻燃机理［J］.高分子材料科学与工程，2016，32：60⁃64.
	TIAN X， XIA Y Z. Flame retarding mechanism of flame⁃retardant waterborne polyurethane with phosphorus⁃nitrogen synergy effects［J］. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering，2016，32：60⁃64.
38	Wang S， Du X S， Jiang Y X，et al. Synergetic enhancement of mechanical and fire⁃resistance performance of waterborne polyurethane by introducing two kinds of phosphorus⁃nitrogen flame retardant［J］.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science，2019，537：197⁃205.
39	Wang S， Du X S， Fu X H，et al. Highly effective flame⁃retarded polyester diol with synergistic effects for waterborne polyurethane application［J］.Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2020，137： 48444.
40	Gu L， Luo Y. Flame retardancy and thermal decomposition of phosphorus⁃containing waterborne polyurethanes modified by halogen⁃free flame retardants［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2015，54：2 431⁃2 438.
41	Zhang P K， Fan H J， Tian S Q，et al. Synergistic effect of phosphorus⁃nitrogen and silicon⁃containing chain exten⁃ders on the mechanical properties， flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of waterborne polyurethane［J］.RSC Advances，2016，6：72 409⁃72 422.
42	徐文总，张丙亮，聂祝婷，等. 含氟、硅丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备与性能研究［J］.化工新型材料，2016，44：70⁃73.
	XU W Z， ZHANG B L， NIE Z T，et al. Preparation and property of fluorined and siliconed acrylate modified waterborne polyurethane［J］. New Chemical Materials，2016，44：70⁃73.
43	范一凡，李向梅，杨荣杰. 含磷本质阻燃水性聚氨酯及其膨胀防火涂料的应用［J］.高分子材料科学与工程，2017，33：133⁃140.
	FAN Y F， LI X M， YANG R J. Application on intrinsically phosphorous flame retardant waterborne polyurethane and intumescent fire⁃proofing coatings［J］. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering，2017，33：133⁃140.
44	Dong Y， Wang G J， Yang J Y. Influences of silicone emulsion on fire protection of waterborne intumescent fire⁃resistive coating［J］.Journal of Coatings Technology and Research，2014，11：231⁃237.
45	Li H， Hu Z， Zhan S，et al. Effects of titanium dioxide on the flammability and char formation of water⁃based coa⁃tings containing intumescent flame retardants［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2015，78：318⁃324.
46	Mariappan T， Agarwal A， Ray S. Influence of titanium dioxide on the thermal insulation of waterborne intumescent fire protective paints to structural steel［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2017，111：67⁃74.
47	Wang Z Y， Han E H， Liu F C，et al. Fire and corrosion resistances of intumescent nano⁃coating containing nano⁃SiO₂ in salt spray condition［J］.Journal of Materials Scien⁃ce & Technology，2010，26：75⁃81.
48	咸才军，孟惠民，孙冬柏，等. 纳米材料在水性超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料中的应用［J］.材料工程，2006，8：40⁃44.
	XIAN C J， MENG H M， SUN D B，et al. Applications of nano⁃materials in fire resistive coatings for steel structures［J］. Journal of Materials Engineering，2006，8：40⁃44.
49	Ullah S， Ahmad F. Effects of zirconium silicate reinforcement on expandable graphite based intumescent fire retardant coating［J］.Polymer Degradation and Stability，2014，103：49⁃62.
50	Liu W， Zhao D， Pan Z Y，et al. Enhanced residue stability and strength of epoxy⁃based coating for fire protection via ceramifiable strategy［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2021，154： 106211.
51	徐志胜，谢晓江，颜龙，等. 滑石粉在膨胀型透明防火涂料中的协效阻燃和抑烟作用［J］.中南大学学报（自然科学版），2020，51：912⁃921.
	XU Z S， XIE X J， YAN L，et al. Synergistic effect of talc on flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of transparent intumescent fire⁃retardant coatings［J］. Journal of Central South University（Science and Technology），2020，51：912⁃921.
52	Zia⁃ul⁃Mustafa M， Ahmad F， Megat⁃Yusoff P S M，et al. Synergistic effects of mica and wollastonite fillers on thermal performance of intumescent fire retardant coating［C］//Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Adhesion and Related Phenomena（WCARP⁃Ⅲ）.23rd Scientific Conference of Microscopy⁃Society⁃Malaysia （SCMSM），2006：109.
53	Wang J B， Wang G J. Influences of montmorillonite on fire protection， water and corrosion resistance of waterborne intumescent fire retardant coating for steel structure［J］.Surface & Coatings Technology，2014，239：177⁃184.
54	Xie W M， Chen H Y， He D S，et al. An emerging mineral⁃based composite flame retardant coating： Preparation and enhanced fireproof performance［J］.Surface & Coatings Technology，2019，367：118⁃126.
55	Kaur J， Ahmad F， Ullah S，et al. The role of bentonite clay on improvement in char adhesion of intumescent fire⁃retardant coating with steel substrate［J］.Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering，2017，42：2 043⁃2 053.
56	Wang Z Y， Han E H， Ke W. Influence of nano⁃LDHs on char formation and fire⁃resistant properties of flame⁃retardant coating［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2005，53：29⁃37.
57	胡清华. 水性膨胀型防火涂料的制备及其性能研究［D］.武汉：武汉工程大学， 2019.
58	Han Z， Fina A， Malucelli G. Thermal shielding performances of nano⁃structured intumescent coatings containing organo⁃modified layered double hydroxides［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2015，78：504⁃510.
59	Hu X， Zhu X， Sun Z. Efficient flame⁃retardant and smoke⁃suppression properties of MgAlCO₃⁃LDHs on the intumescent fire retardant coating for steel structures［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2019，135：291⁃298.
60	Wang C， Huo S Q， Liu S， et al. Recycle of magnesium alloy scrap for improving fire resistance， thermal stability， and water tolerance of intumescent fire⁃retardant coatings［J］.Journal of Coatings Technology and Research，2021，18：447⁃458.
61	宋晓卉，扈中武，谷晓昱，等. 硼酸锌膨胀型防火涂料阻燃抑烟性能的研究［J］.电镀与精饰，2014，36：7⁃11.
	SONG X H， HU Z W， GU X Y，et al. Study on the flame and smoke suppression performance of zinc borate intumescent fire retardant coating［J］. Plating & Finishing，2014，36：7⁃11.
62	扈中武. 膨胀型防火涂料阻燃抑烟性能的研究［D］.北京：北京化工大学，2014.
63	刘建林. 苯丙乳液膨胀型防火涂料的防火抑烟性能研究［D］.青岛：青岛科技大学，2014.
64	Yang Z， Xiao G， Chen C， et al. Synergistic decoration of organic titanium and polydopamine on boron nitride to enhance fire resistance of intumescent waterborne epoxy coa⁃ting［J］.Colloids and Surfaces a⁃Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2021，621： 126561.
65	Fan F Q， Xia Z B， Li Q Y， et al. Effects of inorganic fillers on the shear viscosity and fire retardant performance of waterborne intumescent coatings［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2013，76：844⁃851.
66	Beheshti A， Hens S Z. Experimental investigation and characterization of an efficient nano powder⁃based flame retardant coating for atmospheric⁃metallic substrates［J］.Powder Technology，2015，269：22⁃29.
67	Wang F Y， Liu H， Yan L，et al. Comparative study of fire resistance and anti⁃ageing properties of intumescent fire⁃retardant coatings reinforced with conch shell bio⁃filler［J］.Polymers，2013，13：16.
68	Mustapa S A S， Sulong N H R. Performance of palm oil clinker as a bio⁃filler with hybrid fillers in intumescent fire protective coatings for steel［J］.Sains Malaysiana，2017，46：2 489⁃2 496.
69	王珂. 水性钢结构膨胀防火涂料的制备与性能研究［D］.北京：北京理工大学，2015.
70	邹敏，王琪琳. 采用ZnO晶须/纳米TiO₂复合粒子改善钢结构防火涂料的性能［J］.纳米技术与精密工程，2009，7（1）：25⁃30.
71	Wang Z， Han E， Ke W. Effect of acrylic polymer and nanocomposite with nano⁃SiO₂ on thermal degradation and fire resistance of APP⁃DPER⁃MEL coating［J］.Polymer Degradation and Stability，2006，91：1 937⁃1 947.
72	张广宇. 纳米氢氧化铝改性超薄型钢结构防火涂料的研究［D］.杭州：浙江大学，2013.
73	Yew M C， Yew M K.， Saw L H，et al. Influences of nano bio⁃filler on the fire⁃resistive and mechanical properties of water⁃based intumescent coatings［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2018，124：33⁃40.
74	Yasir M， Ahmad F， Megat⁃Yusoff P S M，et al. Quantifying the effects of basalt fibers on thermal degradation and fire performance of epoxy⁃based intumescent coating for fire protection of steel substrate［J］.Progress in Organic Coatings，2019，132：148⁃158.
75	吴锦添，罗伟昂，许一婷，等. 丙烯酸酯类水性超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的研制［J］.高分子材料科学与工程，2014，30：170⁃174.
	WU T J， LUO W A， XU Y T，et al. Preparation of acryli⁃cs water⁃based ultra⁃thin intumescent fire retardant coatings for steel structures［J］. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering，2014，30：170⁃174.
76	Ullah S， Ahmad F， Shariff A M，et al. The role of multi⁃wall carbon nanotubes in char strength of epoxy based intumescent fire retardant coating［J］.Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis，2017，124：149⁃160.
77	邵志恒，庄勋港，许一婷，等. 改性环氧树脂超薄膨胀型防火涂料［J］.消防科学与技术，2017，36：1 574⁃1 577.
	SHAO Z H， ZHUANG X G， XU Y T，et al. Modified epo⁃xy resin ultra⁃thin intumescent fire retardant coating［J］. Fire Science and Technology，2017，36：1 574⁃1 577.
78	李洪飞，王华进，扈中武，等. 氧化石墨烯在膨胀型水性防火涂料中阻燃和抑烟作用研究［J］.涂料工业，2015，45：1⁃8.
	LI H F， WANG H J， HU Z W，et al. Effects of graphene oxide on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of waterborne intumescent fire resistant coatings［J］. Paint & Coatings Industry，2015，45：1⁃8.
79	Zhan W， Ni L， Gu Z Z，et al. The influences of graphene and carbon nanotubes on properties of waterborne intumescent fire resistive coating［J］.Powder Technology，2021，385：572⁃579.
80	Yang Z W， Xiao G Q， Chen C L，et al. Mussel inspired polydopamine@KH560⁃linked hexagonal boron nitride and CNTs nanoflame retardants improve fire performance of composite coatings［J］.Colloids and Surfaces a⁃Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2021， 631：127717.

组分	常用物质	功能
酸源	酸：磷酸，硼酸等。铵盐：磷酸铵，APP等。胺或酰胺的磷酸盐：尿素，三聚氰胺磷酸盐等。有机磷化物：磷酸三甲苯酯，烷基磷酸酯等。	促进成炭剂脱水炭化
炭源	碳水化合物：淀粉，壳聚糖等。多元醇及衍生物：PER，双季戊四醇等。高分子聚合物：酚醛树脂，环氧树脂，聚氨酯等。三嗪衍生物等。	泡沫炭层骨架
气源	MEL，氯化石蜡	生成阻燃气体促进发泡

组分	常用物质	功能
酸源	酸：磷酸，硼酸等。铵盐：磷酸铵，APP等。胺或酰胺的磷酸盐：尿素，三聚氰胺磷酸盐等。有机磷化物：磷酸三甲苯酯，烷基磷酸酯等。	促进成炭剂脱水炭化
炭源	碳水化合物：淀粉，壳聚糖等。多元醇及衍生物：PER，双季戊四醇等。高分子聚合物：酚醛树脂，环氧树脂，聚氨酯等。三嗪衍生物等。	泡沫炭层骨架
气源	MEL，氯化石蜡	生成阻燃气体促进发泡

纳米材料	阻燃体系	阻燃剂含量/%	成膜物质	背温、时间/℃、min	参考文献
TiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	50	丙烯酸	289、60	Beheshti^［66］
TiO₂	APP/DPER/MEL	65	环氧树脂	329、30	王珂^［69］
TiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	—	丙烯酸	—、100	咸才军^［48］
SiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	—	丙烯酸	—、110	咸才军^［48］
TiO₂@ZnO	APP/PER/MEL	40	—	—、118	邹敏^［70］
SiO₂	APP/DPER/MEL	30	丙烯酸	306、111	Wang^［71］
SiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	50	丙烯酸	440、130	Wang^［47］
Al（OH）₂	APP/PER/MEL	42	丙烯酸/环氧	300、70	张广宇^［72］
蛋壳	APP/PER/MEL	44	醋酸乙烯酯	364、100	Yew^［73］
玄武岩	APP/MEL/EG	23	环氧树脂	190、60	Yasir^［74］
硫酸镁	APP/PER/MEL/EG	30	硅丙乳液	400、96	吴锦添^［75］
多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）	APP/MEL/EG	35	环氧树脂	273、60	Ullah^［76］
LDHs	APP/PER/EN	40	丙烯酸	400、100	Wang^［56］
LDHs⁃GL	APP/PER/MEL	—	丙烯酸	350、33	Han^［58］
MgAlCO₃⁃LDHs CaAlCO₃⁃LDHs	APP/PER/MEL	37.7	丙烯酸/氨基	181、60	Hu^［59］
TiO₂/石墨烯	APP/PER/MEL/EG	50	环氧树脂	278、30	邵志恒^［77］
GO	APP/PER/MEL	46	丙烯酸	—、120	李洪飞^［78］
h⁃BN	APP/PER/MEL	40.2	苯丙/环氧树脂	161、60	Wang^［11］
GO/CNTs	APP/DPER/MEL	37	丙烯酸	289、30	Zhan^［79］
h⁃BN@PDA@Ti	MPP/DPER/MEL	25	环氧树脂	198、60	Yang^［64］
h⁃BN@PDA@CNT	MPP/DPER/MEL	25	环氧树脂	171、60	Yang^［80］
LDH@PDA@ZrO₂	APP/DPER/MEL	25	环氧树脂	177、60	Wang^［4］

纳米材料	阻燃体系	阻燃剂含量/%	成膜物质	背温、时间/℃、min	参考文献
TiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	50	丙烯酸	289、60	Beheshti^［66］
TiO₂	APP/DPER/MEL	65	环氧树脂	329、30	王珂^［69］
TiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	—	丙烯酸	—、100	咸才军^［48］
SiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	—	丙烯酸	—、110	咸才军^［48］
TiO₂@ZnO	APP/PER/MEL	40	—	—、118	邹敏^［70］
SiO₂	APP/DPER/MEL	30	丙烯酸	306、111	Wang^［71］
SiO₂	APP/PER/MEL	50	丙烯酸	440、130	Wang^［47］
Al（OH）₂	APP/PER/MEL	42	丙烯酸/环氧	300、70	张广宇^［72］
蛋壳	APP/PER/MEL	44	醋酸乙烯酯	364、100	Yew^［73］
玄武岩	APP/MEL/EG	23	环氧树脂	190、60	Yasir^［74］
硫酸镁	APP/PER/MEL/EG	30	硅丙乳液	400、96	吴锦添^［75］
多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）	APP/MEL/EG	35	环氧树脂	273、60	Ullah^［76］
LDHs	APP/PER/EN	40	丙烯酸	400、100	Wang^［56］
LDHs⁃GL	APP/PER/MEL	—	丙烯酸	350、33	Han^［58］
MgAlCO₃⁃LDHs CaAlCO₃⁃LDHs	APP/PER/MEL	37.7	丙烯酸/氨基	181、60	Hu^［59］
TiO₂/石墨烯	APP/PER/MEL/EG	50	环氧树脂	278、30	邵志恒^［77］
GO	APP/PER/MEL	46	丙烯酸	—、120	李洪飞^［78］
h⁃BN	APP/PER/MEL	40.2	苯丙/环氧树脂	161、60	Wang^［11］
GO/CNTs	APP/DPER/MEL	37	丙烯酸	289、30	Zhan^［79］
h⁃BN@PDA@Ti	MPP/DPER/MEL	25	环氧树脂	198、60	Yang^［64］
h⁃BN@PDA@CNT	MPP/DPER/MEL	25	环氧树脂	171、60	Yang^［80］
LDH@PDA@ZrO₂	APP/DPER/MEL	25	环氧树脂	177、60	Wang^［4］

[1]	LIU Haoyu, XIN Fei, DU Jiaying, FAN Xiaoling. Research progress in halogen⁃free flame⁃retardant polyester composites [J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(1): 133-143.
[2]	YANG Zhi, XI Wang, QIAN Lijun, HU Lishuang. Progressive flame⁃retardant actions of quaternary composite system in rigid polyurethane foams [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 28-35.
[3]	LI Jinfeng, LIANG Zhuoen, PENG Xinlong. Properties of unsaturated polyester resin composites modified with intumescent flame retardant and alu minum diethyl phosphate [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 116-123.
[4]	SUN Qi, GAO Xing, CUI Xuemei, LIAN Huiqin, CUI Xiuguo, WANG Xiaodong. Research progress in development and applications of black phosphorene for flame retardancy of polymers [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 133-139.
[5]	YANG Musen, QIAN Lijun, WANG Jingyu, ZHAO Zhen, WANG Guangyu, XIN Xiaohua. Synergistic effect of triphenyl phosphate and methyloctabromoether on flame retardancy of polystyrene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 36-42.
[6]	HAN Shuntao, DUAN Changyu, LI Mingqian, MA Xiuqing. Research progress in halogen⁃free flame⁃retardant modification of polyamide 6 [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(12): 133-141.
[7]	GONG Shaofeng, TENG Xia, TANG Wufei. Effect of AlPO⁃based zeolites on flame⁃retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(12): 65-70.
[8]	YU Zhengfa, ZHAN Yue, CUI Yongyan. Synthesis of new silicon boron phosphorus flame retardant and its application for fire retardant coatings [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(10): 117-124.
[9]	PENG Fanchang, CHEN Xiaosui, ZHANG Aiqing, ZHOU Hongfu. Controllable Preparation of Hyperbranched Polyphosphoramide Coated Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application for Flame Retardancy [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 55-63.
[10]	LIU Xianggui, FANG Wei, SHU Hongbin, ZHENG Genwen, LIU Hai. Preparation and Performance of Hydrotalcite⁃filled PVC Composites [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(7): 63-68.
[11]	HE Yintong, LIANG Jiaqi, LIU Lubin, XU Yue, WANG Kezhu, YU Hang, WANG Shuhui, XU Miaojun. Preparation and Applications of Water⁃resistant Flame⁃retardant Transparent Epoxy Resins [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(5): 6-10.
[12]	LIU Zili, WU Chenying, LIU Xiqin, WEI Dongbo, BAO Jinfang, ZHU Jun, CHEN Xinxiang. Microstructure and Flame Retardancy of EVA/PE⁃LD/ATH Compounds Toughened with Whiskers [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(10): 68-75.
[13]	Fang GUO, Zhun XU, Jingyu WANG, Han ZHAO, Bo XU. Study on Application of Linear Phosphorus⁃rich Flame Retardant in Polyurethane Foams [J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(9): 66-72.
[14]	Juan LIANG, Zewen JIANG, Weiguang GONG, Xin MENG. Effect of Phosphite⁃Functionalized Polysilsesquioxane on Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid [J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(6): 7-13.
[15]	Jingyu WANG, Jianwei HAO. Research Progress in Halogen⁃free Flame⁃retardant RPUF [J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(5): 107-114.