Research progress in surface treatment methods for connecting aluminum alloys and composite materials

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.01.018

Abstract

Abstract:

The extensive application of aluminum alloys and composite materials in aviation structures demonstrates their advantages of lightweight and high⁃strength properties in aircraft. At present， the connection technology of aluminum alloys and composite materials is complex and faces various challenges. The surface treatment technology of the connecting parts is an important means to solve such issues. This article introduced the surface treatment technologies for bonding aluminum alloys and composite materials and analyzed the purpose， mechanism， classification， and process parameters that affect the treatment quality obtained from different surface treatment methods. In addition， the principles and advantages of aluminum alloy hybrid processing technology and promising composite material energy treatment technology were analyzed. This paper provides more effective new ideas for material surface treatment.

Key words: aluminum, composite, surface treatment, connection technology, adhesion

CLC Number:

TQ330.6

HAN Zhiyong, MA Sijing, LU Pengcheng. Research progress in surface treatment methods for connecting aluminum alloys and composite materials[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(1): 124-133.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of adhesive connections in the aviation industry

Fig.2. Schematic diagram of the connection between metal and composite material for surface treatment

Fig.3. Mechanical treatment of aluminum alloy surface

Fig.4. The laser method creating an SEM of the titanium alloy pattern

Fig.5. Schematic diagram of the surface mechanism of silane treatment of aluminum alloy

Fig.6. Interfacial bonding strength of Al⁃PPS composites under different curing conditions

Fig.7. RPC processing schematic diagram and cross⁃sectional SEM diagram

Fig.8. Schematic diagram of metal surface treatment

Fig.9. Comparison of single lap shear and floating roller peel strength

Fig.10. T⁃peel degumming on the surface of aluminum alloy

Fig.11. CAA， BSAA and PAA treat crack propagation of bonded joints

Fig.12. Schematic diagram of the surface treatment of a composite material

Fig.13. SEM of PEEK composite material with pretreatment of sand blasting

喷砂型号	表面粗糙度（R_a）/nm	最大剥离力/N	剥离强度/kN·m^-1
46	1.6	133.6	5.34
60	2.0	201.8	8.07
80	2.8	185.5	7.42

Tab.1. Peeling strength of sandblasted composite material surface

Fig.14. Composite treatment under different conditions： untreated， cleaned and sol⁃gel treated

Fig.15. SEM of plasma⁃treated composites

类型	工艺方法	优点	缺点
物理法	喷砂法	操作简单，成本低廉。	粉尘污染、细小的部位难以处理、表面均匀性差、易损坏基材表面。
	打磨法	操作简单，成本低廉。	粉尘污染、细小的部位难以处理、表面均匀性差、易损坏基材表面。
	剥离层法	可以重复利用，易产生均匀的粘接面。	制备过程复杂，使用条件受限。
化学法	阳极氧化法	操作简单，成本低廉，适用于形状复杂的构件，表面均匀性好。	化学主副反应复杂，对环境有害，基材表面洁净度要求高，处理后应立即进行粘接。
化学法	溶胶凝胶法	操作简单，成本低廉，适用于形状复杂的构件，表面均匀性好。	化学主副反应复杂，对环境有害，基材表面洁净度要求高，处理后应立即进行粘接。
能量法	激光法	表面均匀性好，低损伤，处理时间短，处理效果可持续，环境友好。	设备昂贵，有难以控制的非线性过程。
	等离子体处理法
	紫外线法
混合法	物理、化学和能量法的组合	充分发挥它们各自的优势，后续处理弥补了前面处理的缺陷，以满足特定的应用要求。	处理工艺复杂，需要较高的技术水平和生产条件。设备和制造成本均较高。复杂的表面性能，需要更复杂的理论模型和实验方法。

Tab.2. The advantages and disadvantages of different surface treatment processes for aluminum alloys and composite materials

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