Preparation and dielectric properties of core⁃shell structural carbon⁃fiber felt@polyaniline composite

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.06.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Polyaniline （PANI） was grown on the surface of carbon fiber felt （CFF） through in⁃situ chemical oxidative polymerization to obtain a core⁃shell structural composite. The composite was subsequently encapsulated with polydimethylsiloxane. The influence of reaction condition on the structure and properties of the resultant composite was explored. The results indicated that the PANI particles were uniformly decorated on the surface of carbon fiber， resulting in a color change from black to dark green. Contact angle and surface energy analysis indicated that the surface energy of the composite was greatly reduced after encapsulation， though there was no obvious difference between the CFF@PANI composite and CFF. The presence of the core⁃shell structure enhanced the interfacial and dipole polarization significantly because of the multi⁃interface structure and interfacial effects. A high dielectric relaxation behavior was achieved for the compo⁃site， thus improving its capacitance and voltage⁃sensitive effects significantly.

Key words: carbon fiber felt, polyaniline, in?situ oxidative polymerization, dielectric property

CLC Number:

TQ323

LIU Shuai, ZHAO Zihao, YU Ying, YANG Jiaxin, ZHANG Yang. Preparation and dielectric properties of core⁃shell structural carbon⁃fiber felt@polyaniline composite[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(6): 25-30.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1. Optical photos of （a） pristine CFF and （b） CFF@Ni composites

Fig.2. （a） Infrared spectra of the pristine CFF （b） CFF@PANI composites polymerized for 0.5 h， 1 h and 2 h， respectively

Fig.3. SEM of PANI homopolymers for polymerization of （a） 0.5 h，（b） 1 h and （b） 2 h

Fig.4. SEM of （a） the pristine CFF and （b） CFF@PANI composites

样品类型	接触角	平均接触角/°	表面能/mN•m^-1	色散分量/mN•m^-1	极性分量/mN•m^-1
原始CFF	水接触角	<3	<74.32	<33.11	<41.21
原始CFF	油接触角	<3	<74.32	<33.11	<41.21
CFF@PANI复合材料	水接触角	<3	<74.32	<33.11	<41.21
CFF@PANI复合材料	油接触角	<3	<74.32	<33.11	<41.21
PDMS封装原始CFF材料	水接触角	103.13	7.47	4.70	2.78
PDMS封装原始CFF材料	油接触角	90.67	7.47	4.70	2.78
PDMS封装CFF@PANI复合材料	水接触角	113.45	13.53	9.86	3.68
PDMS封装CFF@PANI复合材料	油接触角	107.20	13.53	9.86	3.68

Tab.1. Surface energy of the pristine CFF， CFF@PANI composites， PDMS encapsulated pristine CFF， and PDMS encapsulated CFF@PANI composites

Fig. 5. Frequency variation curves of the real part of （a） permittivity and the virtual part of （b） permittivity of PDMS encapsulated pristine CFF and PDMS encapsulated CFF@PANI composites

Fig. 6. Relation between the frequency and the tangent of dielectric loss angle of PDMS encapsulated pristine CFF and PDMS encapsulated CFF@PANI composites

Fig. 7. Cole⁃Cole diagram of PDMS encapsulated CFF and PDMS encapsulated CFF@PANI composites

Fig. 8. Relationship between conductivity of CFF@PANI composites and the growth rate of surface density

Fig.9. （a）Capacitance variation of CFF@PANI composites at different reaction times under different loading；（b）Capacitance variation of PDMS encapsulated pristine CFF and PDMS encapsulated CFF@PANI composites under loading

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