Abstract: The scaling concepts and the scaling laws were introduced from the self similarity and the fractal of macromolecular chains in this work. With several examples the basic concepts, thinking and methods of scaling theory were presented for description of the intrinsic quality and complex behaviors of polymer materials. And it is indicated, that with scaling theory the research fields of polymer science were widened and deepened；the more important is the scaling theory is also a new expanding in methodology for polymer science to substitute the mean field approximation. The universal statistic laws and behaviors of polymers and of other soft matters were clear described with more compendious concepts and expressions in new theory. This was a very important contribution for the development of modern sciences.

Key words: macromolecule, scaling concept, universality, methodology