Dimensional accuracy and control of 3D printed parts

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2023.08.011

Abstract

Abstract:

In the forming process of large⁃sized parts， the precision loss caused by the warping deformation at the bottom of the part is a prominent problem in the melt deposition additive manufacturing technology. Taking the bottom warping deformation of melt deposition molding （FDM） 3D printed parts as a research object， an orthogonal experiment was designed to study the effects of nozzle temperature， layer thickness， bracket temperature， filling density， the number of layers， and section length on the warping deformation of FDM 3D printing. The optimal combination of process parameters was obtained through range analysis and variance analysis. The results indicated that the warpage deformation obtained a minimum value of 0.402 mm at a layer height of 0.2 mm， a nozzle temperature of 210 ℃， a bracket temperature of 55 ℃， a filling rate of 40 %， a number of bottom layers of 25， and a section length of 20 mm. The factors of influence on the warpage deformation was by a order of layer thickness > number of layers > nozzle temperature > section length > filling density > bracket temperature. The warping deformation decreased with an increase in the number of layers but a decrease in the section length.

Key words: 3D printing, melt deposition forming, warping deformation, parameter optimization

CLC Number:

TQ320.66

GAO Hailiang, HU Cheng, ZHOU Yuqiang, LIU Xin, CHENG Jianming, SONG Guizhen. Dimensional accuracy and control of 3D printed parts[J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(8): 79-85.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1. Principle of silk deposition forming

Fig.2. The relationship between maximum warpage deformation and warp radius

Fig.3. 3D printer

Fig.4. Shapes and dimensions of the print model

因素	分层高度/ mm	喷嘴温度/℃	托板温度/℃	填充密度/%	堆积层数	断面长度/ mm
水平1	0.10	190	35	20	10	20
水平2	0.15	200	40	40	15	40
水平3	0.20	210	45	60	20	60
水平4	0.25	220	50	80	25	80
水平5	0.30	230	55	100	30	100

Tab.1. Factors and levels of the orthogonal test

项目	A/ $m m$	B/℃	C/℃	D/%	E	F/ $m m$
极差	0.054	0.047	0.032	0.040	0.050	0.045
$k 1$	0.530	0.523	0.536	0.506	0.552	0.493
$k 2$	0.526	0.509	0.533	0.499	0.511	0.519
$k 3$	0.482	0.499	0.523	0.537	0.515	0.516
$k 4$	0.529	0.526	0.506	0.539	0.502	0.538
$k 5$	0.536	0.546	0.504	0.522	0.522	0.537

项目	A/ $m m$	B/℃	C/℃	D/%	E	F/ $m m$
极差	0.054	0.047	0.032	0.040	0.050	0.045
$k 1$	0.530	0.523	0.536	0.506	0.552	0.493
$k 2$	0.526	0.509	0.533	0.499	0.511	0.519
$k 3$	0.482	0.499	0.523	0.537	0.515	0.516
$k 4$	0.529	0.526	0.506	0.539	0.502	0.538
$k 5$	0.536	0.546	0.504	0.522	0.522	0.537

Tab.2. Range analysis

因素	离差平方和	自由度	F比	P值	显著性
分层高度	0.010	4	1.506	0.351	P>0.5
喷嘴温度	0.006	4	1.135	0.453	P>0.5
托板温度	0.004	4	0.674	0.644	P>0.5
堆积层数	0.007	4	1.145	0.449	P>0.5
断面长度	0.007	4	1.013	0.495	P>0.5
填充率	0.006	4	—	—	—

Tab.3. Variance analysis

Fig.5. Effect of layering height on warping deformation

Fig.6. Effect of nozzle temperature on warping deformation

Fig.7. Effect of temperature of bracket on warping deformation

Fig.8. Effect of filling rate on warping deformation

Fig.9. Effect of accumulation layer number on warping deformation

Fig.10. Effect of section length on warping deformation

Fig.11. Comparison of the models before and after parameter optimization

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