Effect of slicing parameters on impact resistance of material extrusion 3D⁃printed PLA models

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.11.013

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper reports an investigation on the influence of three key slicing parameters， printing orientation， extrusion temperature， and infill density， on the impact resistance of material extrusion （MEX） 3D⁃printed polylactic acid （PLA） models. Using Charpy impact testing and an orthogonal experimental design， the process parameters were systematically evaluated and optimized. The results indicated that printing orientation significantly affected impact resistance， with the highest strength observed for the xzy orientation， followed by xyz， and the lowest for the zyx orientation. Furthermore， impact strength increased concomitantly with higher extrusion temperatures and greater infill density. Analysis of the parameter effects revealed that infill density exerted the greatest influence on impact resistance， followed by printing orientation， and then extrusion temperature. An optimized parameter set was identified： xzy printing orientation， an extrusion temperature of 210 °C， and 80 % infill density. The models printed with these parameters achieved a peak impact strength of 6.89 kJ/m²， representing the best performance observed in this study.

Key words: slicing parameters, MEX 3D printing, polylactic acid, model, impact resistance, charpy impact test

CLC Number:

TQ320.66

WANG Chen, HUANG Hanyi, WANG Tianyi, ZHANG Chenyun. Effect of slicing parameters on impact resistance of material extrusion 3D⁃printed PLA models[J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(11): 79-83.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of the placement of the strip⁃shaped specimen

Fig.2. Schematic diagram of the charpy impact test

Fig.3. Effect of printing direction on the impact resistance of PLA models

Fig.4. Effect of extrusion temperature on the impact resistance of PLA models

Fig.5. Effect of infill density on the impact resistance of PLA models

水平	A	B/°℃	C/%
1	xzy	190	20
2	xyz	200	50
3	zyx	210	80

Tab.1. Factor⁃level table

实验号n	A	B/℃	C/%	I_n /kJ·m^-2
1	xzy	190	20	0.91
2	xzy	200	50	3.82
3	xzy	210	80	6.89
4	xyz	190	50	2.47
5	xyz	200	80	3.59
6	xyz	210	20	2.16
7	zyx	190	80	3.01
8	zyx	200	20	0.57
9	zyx	210	50	2.12

Tab.2. Test result table

结果	A	B	C
k₁	11.62	6.39	3.64
k₂	8.22	7.98	8.41
k₃	5.70	11.17	13.49
v₁	3.87	2.13	1.21
v₂	2.74	2.66	2.80
v₃	1.90	3.72	4.50
r	1.97	1.59	3.29

Tab.3. Range analysis table

Fig.6. Range analysis diagram

Fig.7. Comparison of fracture characteristics

References 15

[1]	秦瑞冰，乌日开西·艾依提，滕勇.FDM式3D打印技术研究进展［J］.制造技术与机床，2020，（02）：40⁃44.
	QIN R B， WURIKAIXI A， TENG Y. Recent progress on FDM 3D printing ［J］. Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool， 2020，（02）： 40⁃44.
[2]	董其缘，尤晓萍，于仙，等.重熔工艺对PLA 3D打印制件力学性能及表面质量的影响［J］.合成树脂及塑料，2023，40（06）：43⁃47.
	DONG Q Y， YOU X P， YU X， et al. Effect of remelting process on mechanical properties and surface quality of PLA 3D printing parts ［J］. China Synthetic Resin and Plastics， 2023， 40 （06）： 43⁃47.
[3]	郑旭璘，崔凯，朱曦，等.多材料3D打印技术的成型原理与发展趋势［J］.科技与创新，2024，（04）：163⁃165+169.
	ZHENG X L， CUI K， ZHU X， et al. The forming principles and development trends of multi material 3D printing technology ［J］. Science and Technology & Innovation， 2024，（04）： 163⁃165+169.
[4]	于彦东，孟陈力.基于PLA丝材的FDM试件综合性能的研究［J］.哈尔滨理工大学学报，2018，23 （03）：60⁃65.
	YU Y D， MENG C L. How the filling patterns influence the comprehensive performance on FDM specimens based on PLA filament ［J］. Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology， 2018， 23 （03）： 60⁃65.
[5]	SCHMIDT K， ZIMMERMANN A. Evaluation of process and anisotropy of thermosetting adhesives with ultraviolet⁃assisted 3D dispensing ［J］. Additive Manufacturing， 2020， 34：101262.
[6]	王诺，肖志杰，吴艳杰，等.打印路径对玄武岩纤维增强聚乳酸3D打印板材耐冲击性能的影响［J］.上海纺织科技，2022，50（03）：57⁃59.
	WANG N， XIAO Z J， WU Y J， et al. Effect of 3D printing path on impact properties of basalt fiber reinforced polylactic acid 3D printing composite plates ［J］. Shanghai Textile Science & Technology， 2022， 50 （03）： 57⁃59.
[7]	彭茂荣，肖湘莲，钟一鸣，等.增韧聚乳酸3D打印材料的制备及力学性能［J］.塑料，2024，53（06）：6⁃10.
	PENG M R， XIAO X L， ZHONG Y M， et al. Preparation and mechanical properties of toughened poly （lactic acid） 3D printing feedstock ［J］. Plastics， 2024， 53 （06）： 6⁃10.
[8]	金帅，宋浩，宋立新，等.3D打印PLA/PPC复合材料热学性能及力学性能的研究［J］.塑料科技，2023，51（09）：68⁃73.
	JIN S， SONG H， SONG L X， et al. Research on thermal and mechanical properties of 3D printing PLA/PPC composites ［J］. Plastics Science and Technology， 2023， 51 （09）： 68⁃73.
[9]	李圆圆，王远.基于熔融沉积技术的3D打印产品设计探讨［J］.工业设计，2020（03）：157⁃158.
	LI Y Y， WANG Y. Discussion on 3D printing product design based on fused deposition technology ［J］. Industrial Design， 2020 （03）： 157⁃158.
[10]	王林.填充路径对FDM制造ABS力学性能的影响［J］.塑料，2022，51（05）：108⁃113.
	WANG L. Effect of raster angle on the mechanical properties of FDM fabricated ABS ［J］. Plastics， 2022， 51 （05）： 108⁃113.
[11]	张春蕊，鞠锦勇.不同填充率下FDM 3D打印预制件建模及力学性能分析［J］.中国塑料，2020，34 （06）：66⁃72.
	ZHANG C R， JU J Y. Modeling and mechanical performance analysis of FDM 3D printed preforms with different filling rates ［J］. China Plastics， 2020，34 （06）： 66⁃72.
[12]	付建军.ABS塑料的3D打印工艺优化研究［J］.合成材料老化与应用，2021，50 （03）：40⁃42.
	FU J J. Study on 3D printing process optimization of ABS plastics ［J］. Synthetic Materials Aging and Application， 2021， 50 （03）： 40⁃42.
[13]	尚祖明，胡成女.3D打印PETG的工艺、改性及应用研究进展［J］.塑料科技，2024，52（03）：121⁃126.
	SHANG Z M， HU C N. Research progress on technology， modification and application of 3D printing PETG ［J］. Plastics Science and Technology， 2024， 52 （03）： 121⁃126.
[14]	冯丹艳.基于FDM技术3D打印典型零件的力学性能和质量研究［J］.装备制造技术，2022 （02）：50⁃52+56.
	FENG D Y. Research on the mechanical properties and quality of typical parts 3D printed based on FDM technology ［J］. Equipment Manufacturing Technology， 2022 （02）： 50⁃52+56.
[15]	朱小明，章盼梅，江丽珍，等.聚合物3D打印工艺及打印材料的研究进展［J］.合成树脂及塑料，2023，40（04）：65⁃71.
	ZHU X M， ZHANG P M， JIANG L Z， et al. Research progress of polymer 3D printing process and materials ［J］. China Synthetic Resin and Plastics， 2023， 40 （04）： 65⁃71.