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中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 148-156.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.07.022
董升烨, 陈兴刚(), 王启豪, 姚圉, 李若轩, 常家宾, 宋佳诚
收稿日期:
2024-08-19
出版日期:
2025-07-26
发布日期:
2025-07-22
通讯作者:
陈兴刚(1985-),男,副教授,主要从事耐高温树脂及其复合材料的开发及应用研究,chenxg@heuu.edu.cn基金资助:
DONG Shengye, CHEN Xinggang(), WANG Qihao, YAO Yu, LI Ruoxuan, CHANG Jiabin, SONG Jiacheng
Received:
2024-08-19
Online:
2025-07-26
Published:
2025-07-22
Contact:
CHEN Xinggang
E-mail:chenxg@heuu.edu.cn
摘要:
自修复高分子材料具有在遭受微小损伤时能够自动愈合的能力,广泛应用于医学领域。但随着服役场景的多元化,自修复高分子材料仍存在一定的局限。本文从自修复高分子材料的分类进行介绍,讨论自修复高分子材料在强度、韧性、耐久性等方面的研究现状,对伤口愈合、药物控释系统、骨组织工程、医疗涂层等方面在医学领域中的应用进行概述,最后总结并展望了未来发展趋势。
中图分类号:
董升烨, 陈兴刚, 王启豪, 姚圉, 李若轩, 常家宾, 宋佳诚. 自修复高分子材料在医学领域的研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2025, 39(7): 148-156.
DONG Shengye, CHEN Xinggang, WANG Qihao, YAO Yu, LI Ruoxuan, CHANG Jiabin, SONG Jiacheng. Research progress in self⁃healing polymer materials in medical field[J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(7): 148-156.
不同修复方式 | 形成的材料 | 机制 | 优点 | 缺点 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
微胶囊型自修复 | 聚(脲醛)微胶囊 | 丙烯酸在引发剂的作用下发生聚合反应 | 随着微胶囊尺寸和浓度的增加,材料的断裂韧性显著提高 | 制备工艺复杂 | [ |
新型低收缩牙科树脂 | 改性后的MCs与树脂基体紧密结合并形成微机械结 | 抗菌和自愈特性 | 兼容性有欠缺 | [ | |
牙科纳米复合材料 | 愈合剂被释放与BPO与其反应后进行自修复 | 耐老化,自愈性能稳定,对细胞活力和毒性影响轻微 | 使用次数有限 | [ | |
脉管型自修复 | 聚丙烯塑料管 | 压力传感器检测到损伤,从而触发从外部储存器向损伤部位输送修复剂 | 修复覆盖面积大 | 当管道间距大于500 μm时修复效率较低 | [ |
环氧树脂纳米补强剂 | 发泡剂起作用使内部压力增加,修复剂在破裂后很快就会从容器中喷涌而出 | 愈合效率得到提高 | 互连性的增加导致聚合物链流动性因范德华力而降低 | [ | |
可逆共价键自修复 | 纤维素水凝胶 | 酮酯型酰腙键快速交换 | 凝胶化时间缩,并在生理环境达到更高的自愈率 | 交联密度较高使平衡溶胀率降低,其失重率高度依赖于 pH 值 | [ |
抗菌透明质酸水凝胶 | 动态酰基腙键、静电相互作用、二硫键和亚胺键的重新建立 | 快速固化并具有优异的吸液能力,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著抗菌效果 | 对环境要求较高 | [ | |
热可逆纳米纤维素水凝胶 | DA/rDA反应具有可逆性 | 具有良好的热可逆性 | 有温度限制 | [ | |
可逆非共价键自修复 | 壳聚糖⁃香豆素水凝胶 | 多个氢键之间的相互叠加和协同作用 | 具有pH响应性、可注射性和高效自愈能力 | 力学性能不足,降解速度控制困难 | [ |
动态纳米复合水凝胶 | 动态共价键和非共价相互作用的多重可逆相互作用的协同作用 | 具有出色的力学性能 | 制备过程复杂,纳米粒子的分布可能不均匀 | [ |
不同修复方式 | 形成的材料 | 机制 | 优点 | 缺点 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
微胶囊型自修复 | 聚(脲醛)微胶囊 | 丙烯酸在引发剂的作用下发生聚合反应 | 随着微胶囊尺寸和浓度的增加,材料的断裂韧性显著提高 | 制备工艺复杂 | [ |
新型低收缩牙科树脂 | 改性后的MCs与树脂基体紧密结合并形成微机械结 | 抗菌和自愈特性 | 兼容性有欠缺 | [ | |
牙科纳米复合材料 | 愈合剂被释放与BPO与其反应后进行自修复 | 耐老化,自愈性能稳定,对细胞活力和毒性影响轻微 | 使用次数有限 | [ | |
脉管型自修复 | 聚丙烯塑料管 | 压力传感器检测到损伤,从而触发从外部储存器向损伤部位输送修复剂 | 修复覆盖面积大 | 当管道间距大于500 μm时修复效率较低 | [ |
环氧树脂纳米补强剂 | 发泡剂起作用使内部压力增加,修复剂在破裂后很快就会从容器中喷涌而出 | 愈合效率得到提高 | 互连性的增加导致聚合物链流动性因范德华力而降低 | [ | |
可逆共价键自修复 | 纤维素水凝胶 | 酮酯型酰腙键快速交换 | 凝胶化时间缩,并在生理环境达到更高的自愈率 | 交联密度较高使平衡溶胀率降低,其失重率高度依赖于 pH 值 | [ |
抗菌透明质酸水凝胶 | 动态酰基腙键、静电相互作用、二硫键和亚胺键的重新建立 | 快速固化并具有优异的吸液能力,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著抗菌效果 | 对环境要求较高 | [ | |
热可逆纳米纤维素水凝胶 | DA/rDA反应具有可逆性 | 具有良好的热可逆性 | 有温度限制 | [ | |
可逆非共价键自修复 | 壳聚糖⁃香豆素水凝胶 | 多个氢键之间的相互叠加和协同作用 | 具有pH响应性、可注射性和高效自愈能力 | 力学性能不足,降解速度控制困难 | [ |
动态纳米复合水凝胶 | 动态共价键和非共价相互作用的多重可逆相互作用的协同作用 | 具有出色的力学性能 | 制备过程复杂,纳米粒子的分布可能不均匀 | [ |
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