Influence of gas flow of plasma jet carrier on modification effect for glass fiber

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.09.002

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study， a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet was conducted to modify glass fiber. To improve the interfacial bonding properties of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced polypropylene composites， SiO_x nanoparticles were polymerized on the fiber surfaces. The properties of the modified fibers and composites， including surface morphology， chemical composition， wettability and interfacial bonding properties， were studied systematically to understand the influence of gas flow rate of the carrier on the modification effect of glass fiber. The optimal parameter was determined to be a gas flow rate of 40 mL/min. The results indicated that after plasma treatment， the fibers achieved an improvement in the surface energy by 43.18 % compared to that of the control samples. The interlaminar shear strength of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced polypropylene composites was improved by 30.79 % when compared to the control. The high surface roughness and the content of oxygen⁃containing polarity functional groups in the glass fiber after the plasma treatment promoted an enhancement in interlaminar shear strength.

Key words: polypropylene, plasma jet, silicon oxide nanoparticle, glass fiber, composite, surface modification

CLC Number:

TQ327.1

ZHANG Lin, XIA Zhangchuan, HE Yadong, XIN Chunling, WANG Ruixue, REN Feng. Influence of gas flow of plasma jet carrier on modification effect for glass fiber[J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 7-15.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of atmospheric pressure plasma jet system

Fig.2. Schematic diagram of GFRP composite preparation process

元素	化学键种类	结合能/eV
C	C—C	284.8
	C—O	286.7
	O—C=O	289.0
Si	Si—O—Si	102.0
	Si—O—H	103.1
	C—Si—O	101.7
	Si—O	103.5

Tab.1. Comparison table of binding energy of functional groups

测试液体	$γ L$ /mN·m^-1	$γ L D$ /mN·m^-1	$γ L P$ /mN·m^-1
水（DW）	72.8	21.8	51.0
二碘甲烷（DIO）	50.8	48.5	2.3

测试液体	$γ L$ /mN·m^-1	$γ L D$ /mN·m^-1	$γ L P$ /mN·m^-1
水（DW）	72.8	21.8	51.0
二碘甲烷（DIO）	50.8	48.5	2.3

Tab.2. Solvent parameters

Fig.3. SEM images of glass fiber surface topography under different carrier gas flow

Fig.4. Histogram of the size distribution of SiOx nanoparticles under different carrier gas flow rate

Fig.5. Histogram of the spacing distribution of SiOx nanoparticles under different carrier gas flow rate

载气流量/ mL·min^-1	元素含量/%			O/C元素比
载气流量/ mL·min^-1	C	Si	O	O/C元素比
对照组	70.03	6.50	23.47	0.335
20	69.56	6.47	23.96	0.344
40	69.30	6.45	24.25	0.350
80	68.19	6.40	25.41	0.373

Tab.3. Elemental composition of different groups of glass fibers

Fig.6. Fitting results of C 1s peaks of control group and plasma⁃treated GF with different carrier gas flow rate

Fig.7. Fitting results of Si 2p peaks of control group and plasma⁃treated GF with different carrier gas flow rate

Fig.8. Results of glass fiber water contact angle and surface energy at different carrier gas flows

组别	元素含量/%			O/C 元素比
组别	C	Si	O	O/C 元素比
对照组	70.03	6.50	23.47	0.335
等离子处理120 s，未漂洗	66.76	6.46	26.78	0.401
等离子处理120 s，漂洗20 min	69.49	6.38	24.14	0.347

Tab.4. Elemental composition of neat and rinsed GF

Fig.9. Fitting results of Si 2p peaks of GF

Fig.10. Results of interlaminar shear strength of GFRP composites under different carrier gas flow

Fig.11. SEM images of GFRP composite interface under different carrier gas flow

References 15

1	C⁃YTSAI， ZHANG T， ZHAO M Z， et al. Preparation of thermally conductive but electrically insulated polypropylene containing copper nanowire［J］. Polymer， 2021， 236： 124317.
2	LIU P， GUAN Q B， GU A J， et al. Interface and its effect on the interlaminate shear strength of novel glass fiber/hyperbranched polysiloxane modified maleimide⁃triazine resin composites［J］. Applied Surface Science， 2011， 258： 572⁃579.
3	GAO M， WANG Y， ZHANG Y L， et al. Deposition of thin films on glass fiber fabrics by atmospheric pressure plasma jet［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology， 2020， 404： 126498.
4	HUA Y， LI F， LIU Y， et al. Positive synergistic effect of graphene oxide/carbon nanotube hybrid coating on glass fiber/epoxy interfacial normal bond strength［J］. Composites Science & Technology， 2017， 149： 294⁃304.
5	NISHA M S， RAVALI K V， KUMAR P S， et al. Efficient electrophoretic deposition of an intensification process to enhance the mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polymer［J］. Chemical Engineering & Processing， 2021，160： 108298.
6	WANG R X， XIA Z C， KONG X H， et al. Etching and annealing treatment to improve the plasma⁃deposited SiO_x film adhesion force［J］. Surface & Coatings Technology， 2021， 427： 127840.
7	TENDERO C， TIXIER C， TRISTANT P， et al. Atmospheric pressure plasma： a review［J］. Spectrochimica Acta Part B： Atomic Spectroscopy， 2006， 61 （1）： 2⁃30.
8	BORISOV I， OVCHAROVA A， BAKHTIN D， et al. Development of polysulfone hollow fiber porous supports for high flux composite membranes： air plasma and piranha etching［J］. Fibers， 2017， 5： 2 079⁃6 439.
9	XIONG Y L， GU J Y， HU Y C. Study on Bonding Performances of Air Plasma Treated FRP［J］. Materials Science Forum，2010，658： 236⁃239.
10	ZHANG W， YANG P， CAO Y Z， et al. Evaluation of fiber surface modification via air plasma on the interfacial behavior of glass fiber reinforced laminated veneer lumber composites［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2020， 233 （10）： 117315.
11	RACIMRADJEF， JARVIS KARYN L， LFOX BRONWYN， et al. Comparing the properties of commercially treated and air plasma treated carbon fibers［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology， 2021， 408： 126751.
12	熊玉林. 木结构增强用玻璃钢的空气低温等离子体处理研究［D］. 黑龙江：东北林业大学，2011.
13	WANG R X， LI W Y， ZHANG C， et al. Thin insulating film deposition on copper by atmospheric⁃pressure plasmas［J］. Plasma Processes & Polymers， 2017， 14： 1600248.
14	HEGEMANN D. Plasma polymerization and its application in textiles［J］. Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research， 2006， 31： 99⁃115.
15	TROJER M A， OLSSON C， BENGTSSON J， et al. Directed self⁃assembly of silica nanoparticles in ionic liquid⁃spun cellulose fibers［J］. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science， 2019， 553： 167⁃176.

[1]	JIA Mingyin, DONG Xianwen, WANG Jiaming, CHEN Ke. Effect of impregnation method on vacuum bag press molding process and properties of polyamide 6 composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 1-6.
[2]	GAO Yonghong, PENG Mengmi, JIN Qingping. Temperature effect on bond performance between glass fiber reinforcement polymer bars and concrete [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 16-23.
[3]	JIAO Zhiwei, WANG Kechen, ZHANG Yang, YANG Weimin. Performance of PVC/ABS composites filled with carbon black and talc powders based on carbon nano coating deposition [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 10-15.
[4]	ZHANG Bing. Study on test of oxidation induction time for random copolymer polypropylene pipe [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 107-109.
[5]	ZHAO Hongjing, ZHU Jiang. Study on numerical simulation of two⁃phase extrusion for micro/nano⁃laminated natural rubber/polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 110-114.
[6]	LIU Yi, WANG Ye, SUN Wei, QU Guoxing, XU Xia, YANG Shaolin, YUAN Ning. Determination of content of transparent nucleating agent in polypropylene using infrared spectroscopy [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 115-118.
[7]	HU Chenguang, SU Hang, FENG Xiaoxin, DING Feng, LI Enshuo, FU Jiawei. Preparation and properties of waste glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced plastic⁃modified asphalt [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 119-126.
[8]	YU Darong, XIN Yong. Research progress in modification of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 135-145.
[9]	YU Jiuyang, WANG Zhonghao, CHEN Qi, XIA Yazhong. Study on properties of advanced resin matrix composites for valve body manufacturing [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 16-22.
[10]	ZHANG Taozhong, CHEN Xiaolong, HAO Xiaoyu, YU Fujia. Comparison of mechanical properties and interfacial interactions of polypropylene composites filled with talc， calcium carbonate， and barium sulfate [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 36-41.
[11]	CHEN Baiquan, ZHENG Youming, TIAN Jibo, XHANG Lei, WANG Jinsong, LIN Xiajie, DUAN Yapeng. Preparation and properties of polyamide flame⁃retardant composite reinforced with high content of glass fiber [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 42-48.
[12]	QU Yuting, WANG Limei, QI Bin. Effect of poly（ethylene glycol） on properties of poly（lactic acid）/starch nanocrystal composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 56-61.
[13]	WU Wei, HU Huanbo, SHEN Hui, ZHAO Tianyu. Dual⁃synergistic effect of 4A zeolite and Ca⁃Mg⁃Al hydrotalcite on intumescent flame retardant PP and its mechanism [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 1-7.
[14]	YU Changyong, XIN Zhong. Effect of α/β complex nucleating agent based on hexahydrophthalate on properties of polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 121-128.
[15]	SONG Yinbao, YANG Jianjun, LI Chuanmin. Study on properties and manufacturing precision of PDMS/SiC functionally gradient composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 30-36.