Research progress in flame⁃retardant foam materials for construction

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.02.009

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper reviewed the research progress in the flame⁃retardant foam materials for construction over the past five years， focusing on polyurethane foam materials， phenolic foam materials， and aerogel materials. Their flame⁃retardant mechanism was also analyzed. This paper finally pointed out that the realization of environmentally friendly flame⁃retardant foam materials was the development direction in future.

Key words: foam material, construction, flame retardant, research progress

CLC Number:

TQ328

JIA Meng, XU Zhun, WEI Simiao, ZHANG Qinglei, XU Bo. Research progress in flame⁃retardant foam materials for construction[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(2): 52-60.

Figures/Tables 14

芯层	热导率/W·m²·K^-1	表观密度/kg·m^-3	燃烧级别
岩棉	≤0.040	≥100	A
模塑聚苯乙烯泡沫	≤0.041	18~22	B1/B2
挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫	≤0.030	28~35	B1/B2
聚氨酯泡沫	≤0.024	≥35	B1

Tab.1. Performance indicators of different types of insulation core materials

Fig.1. Various flame retardants for polyurethane foam

Fig.2. Synthesis and structure of FPASO⁃DOPO and schematic diagram of FR⁃RPUF

Fig.3. Flame retardant mechanism of FR⁃RPUF

Fig.4. Flame⁃retardant mechanism model for the flame⁃retardant PIR

Fig.5. （a） Synthesis route of MAP and （b） schematic diagram of the preparation process of expanded flame retardant polystyrene

Fig.6. Flame retardant mechanisms in the EPS/PHTD composite foams

Fig.7. Effect of different catalysts on BPF foams

Fig.8. CNF production "tree" outlining the main processing steps for producing CNFs

Fig.9. General manufacturing processes for nanocellulose⁃based lightweight porous materials （for foams， sponges， aerogels and gels）

Fig.10. Synthesis process of the composite aerogel material

Fig.11. （a） Typical cell morphology of polyurethane foam showing open， partially open and closed pores and （b） schematic demonstration of cell formation and opening mechanisms

Fig.12. Synthesis of phosphorus⁃ and nitrogen⁃containing flame retardants TSPB

Fig.13. （a） Synthesis of DOPO⁃NIBAM and （b） production steps for bio⁃based flame retardant polyurethane foam

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