Effect of Hybrid Fiber Content on Friction and Wear Properties of Resin⁃based Friction Materials

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2021.06.004

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the effect of a variety of reinforcing fibers composed of only non?metallic mixtures on the friction and wear properties of resin?based friction materials， the friction materials were prepared by adding carbon fiber and aramid pulp fiber through a hot?pressing sintering technology using the cashew?nut?shell?liquid?modified phenolic resin （CNSL） as a matrix. The friction and wear performance of the friction material under different braking conditions was investigated using a ring block friction and a wear tester equipped with high?speed steel. The wear morphology of the friction materials was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the friction material （P3） containing 4 vol% glass fiber， 10 vol% carbon fiber and 3 vol% aramid pulp fiber exhibited high hardness than the friction material （P1） at the corresponding fiber contents of 7， 4 and 6 vol% and the friction material （P2） at the corresponding fiber contents of 1， 7 and 9 vol%. Under the different braking conditions， the sample P1 had the largest friction factor， the sample P3 had the second， and the sample P2 had the smallest. The relative wear rates of the samples P3 and P2 were similar and relatively stable， which were about 1 ~ 1/5 of that of the sample P1. The sample P3 exhibited the best tribological performance. The wear form of friction material and mating material was determined to be mainly abrasive wear.

Key words: resin?based friction material, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid pulp fiber, friction, wear

CLC Number:

TQ327

LU Zhangxiang, SONG Ge. Effect of Hybrid Fiber Content on Friction and Wear Properties of Resin⁃based Friction Materials[J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(6): 20-25.

Figures/Tables 9

成分

CNSL

重晶石

高岭土

碳酸钙

长石粉

氧化铝

石墨

玻璃纤维

碳纤维

芳纶浆粕纤维

Tab.1. Resin?based friction material composition （vol%）

Fig.1. Microstructure of sample P3 and EDS surface distribution of each element

Fig.2. Vibrations of friction coefficients of the samples with different normal loads at 2.09 m/s

Fig.3. Vibrations of friction coefficients of the samples with different braking speed at 40 N

Fig.4. Variation in the wear rate of the samples with different normal loads at 2.09 m/s

Fig.5. Variation in the wear rate of the samples with different braking speed at 40 N

Fig.6. Schematic diagram of wear mechanism

Fig.7. SEM images showing the morphologies of worn surfaces of three samples at different braking speeds and normal loads

Fig.8. SEM of the wear surface morphology of the dual ring of samples P1，P2 and P3 at 50 N and 2.09 m/s

References 22

1	LIEW K W，NIRMAL U. Frictional Performance Evaluation of Newly Designed Brake Pad Materials［J］. Materials & Design.2013，48：25⁃33.
2	张庆金，鲍久圣，阴妍，等. 制动摩擦材料的研究与发展现状［J］. 表面技术，2016 ， 45 （11）：32⁃40.
	ZHANG Q J， BAO J S， YIN Y，et al. Research and Development of Brake Friction Materials［J］.Surface Techno⁃logy，2016 ， 45 （11）：32⁃40.
3	罗玲，姚冠新，陶飞. 填料粒度对汽车制动摩擦材料性能的影响［J］. 表面技术， 2016， 45（2）： 49⁃52.
	LUO L，YAO G X，TAO F. Effect of Filler Size on Performance of Automotive Brake Friction Materials［J］. Surface Technology， 2016， 45（2）： 49⁃52.
4	HO S C，CHERN LIN J H，JU C P. Effect of Fiber Addition on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of a Copper/Phenolic⁃based Friction Material［J］.Wear，2007，258（5/6）：861⁃869.
5	JANG H，KO K，KIM S J，et al.The Effect of Metal Fibers on the Friction Performance of Automotive Brake Friction Materials［J］.Wear，2003，256（3/4）：406⁃414.
6	KUMAR M，BIJWE J.Composite Friction Materials Based on Metalliic Fibers：Sensitivity of μ to Operating Variables［J］.Tribology International，2011，44：106⁃113.
7	刘震云，黄伯云，苏堤，等. 增强纤维含量对汽车摩擦材料性能的影响［J］.摩擦学学报，1999，19（4）：322⁃326.
	LIU Z Y， HUANG B Y， SU D，et al.Relationship Between Fiber Content and Properties of Automotive Friction Materials［J］. Tribology，1999（4）：322⁃326.
8	肖翠蓉，陈攀. 芳纶浆粕混杂增强摩阻复合材料的研究［J］.润滑与密封， 1996（3）：71⁃76.
	XIAO C R，CHEN P.Study on a Friction Composite Reinforced by Hybrid PPTA Pulp［J］.Lubrication Engineering，1996（3）：71⁃76.
9	KIM S J，CHO M H.Synergistic Effects of Aramid Pulp and Potassium Titanate Whiskers in the Automotive Friction Material［J］.Wear，2007，263（7/12）：1 212⁃1 219．
10	丛培红，吴行阳，卜娟，等. 制动用有机摩擦材料的研究进展［J］. 摩擦学学报，2011，31（1）：88⁃96.
	CONG P H，WU X Y，BU J，et al. Progress in Research of Organic Frictional Materials for Automobile and Train Braking ［J］.Tribology，2011，31（1）：88⁃96.
11	马保吉，朱均，高嵩. 芳纶纤维增强摩擦材料的摩擦学性能研究［J］. 摩擦学学报，2000，20（4）：260⁃263.
	MA B J，ZHU J，GAO S.Study on Tribological Properties of Kevlar Pulp Reinforced Friction Materials ［J］. Tribology，2000，20（4）：260⁃263.
12	KIM S J，CHO M H，LIM D S，et al.Synergistic Effect of Aramid Pulp and Potassium Titanate Whiskers in the Automotive Friction Material［J］.Wear，2001，251：1 484⁃1 491.
13	费杰，李贺军，付业伟，等. 碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料磨损机理研究［J］. 摩擦学学报，2011，31（6）：540⁃545.
	FEI J，LI H J，FU Y W， et al.Wear Mechanism of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Paper⁃based Friction Materials ［J］. Tribology，2011，31（6）：540⁃545.
14	JIE F，WEI L，JIAN F H，et al. Effect of Carbon Fiber Content on the Friction and Wear Performance of Paper⁃based Friction Materials［J］. Tribology International，2015，87：91⁃97.
15	郭亚林，梁国正，丘哲明，等. 碳纤维/有机硅改性环氧树脂复合材料性能研究［J］.材料工程，2004 （9）：42⁃44.
	GUO Y L ，LIANG G Z，QIU Z M，et al.Properties of Carbon Fiber/Silicone Modified Epoxy Composite［J］.Journal of Materials Engineering，2004 （9）：42⁃44.
16	于晶晶，吴杨敏，赵文杰，等. 纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料抗固体颗粒流冲蚀磨损研究进展［J］. 表面技术， 2017 ， 46 （11）：29⁃36.
	YU J J， WU Y M， ZHAO W J， et al.Erosive Wear Resistance of Fiber⁃reinforced Epoxy Resin to Solid Particle Flow［J］. Surface Technology， 2017 ， 46 （11）：29⁃36.
17	杨越飞，郑峰，徐建峰，等. 亚麻纤维/玄武岩（玻璃）纤维混杂复合材料的力学性能、断面形貌和DMA的性能表征［J］. 功能材料，2016，47 （2）：2 078⁃2 083.
	YANG Y F，ZHENG F，XU J F， et al. Mechanical Pro⁃perties，Morphology and DMA of Flax/Basalt （Glass） Fiber Fabric Hybrid Composite Baterials［J］. Journal of Functional Materials，2016，47 （2）：2 078⁃2 083.
18	张士华，陈光，崔崇，等. 玻璃纤维增强MC尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究［J］. 摩擦学学报，2006，26（5）：452⁃455.
	ZHANG S H，CHEN G，CUI C，et al.Friction and Wear Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced MC⁃nylon Composites ［J］. Tribology，2006，26（5）：452⁃455.
19	LEE E J，HWANG H J，LEE W G，et al. Morphology and Toughness of Abrasive Particles and Their Effects on the Friction and Wear of Friction Materials： A Case Study with Zircon and Quartz［J］.Tribology Letters，2010，37：637⁃644.
20	李志军，韦玮，程光旭，等. 玻璃纤维增强酚醛基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能研究［J］.西安交通大学学报，2000，34（4）：67⁃70.
	LI Z J，WEI W，CHENG G X，et al.Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Friction Material ［J］. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University，2000，34（4）：67⁃70.
21	花晓军. 混杂纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料研究［D］. 长春：吉林大学，2015.
22	RAO R N，DAS S. Effect of SiC Content and Sliding Speed on the Wear Behaviour of Aluminium Matrix Composites［J］. Materials & Design，2011，32：1 066⁃1 071.

[1]	FENG Bingtao, WANG Xiaoke, ZHANG Xin, SUN Guohua, WANG Dianlong, HOU Lianlong, MA Jinsong. Preparation and application of continuous carbon⁃fiber⁃reinforced thermoplastic composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 165-173.
[2]	CHEN Sheng, LIANG Yingchao, WU Fangjuan, FANG Hui, FAN Xinfeng, CHEN Hui, WANG Yonggang. Preparation and interfacial modification of polyamide 6/bidirectional warp⁃knitted glass fiber composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 24-28.
[3]	TIAN Chifeng, ZHANG Hongshen. Study on friction charge and high⁃voltage electrostatic separation of automotive polymer particles based on multi⁃fin friction bucket [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 75-80.
[4]	HE Hezhi, XU Li, YANG Yike. Effect of prestress on mechanical properties of PC/CF laminates [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 1-5.
[5]	XU Rongxia, WEI Gang, WEI Lilan, WU Jiecui, JIANG Yujiang. Friction and wear properties of PE⁃UHMW modified with nano⁃SiO₂ and PA6 [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 47-52.
[6]	ZHANG Jiufu, LUO Kaiqiang, XU Jun, GUO Baohua. Study on comprehensive properties and influencing factors of long glass fiber reinforced PA66 composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 1-8.
[7]	LIU Lang, LUAN Daocheng, HU Zhihua, WEN Kelin, ZHOU Xinyu, MI Shuheng, WANG Zhengyun. Effects of basalt fiber and steel fiber contents on properties of resin⁃based friction materials [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 33-39.
[8]	JIN Qingping, YI Jianming, GAO Yonghong, CAO Nannan, DENG Siyuan. Effect on mechanical properties of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforcement polymer bars exposure to alkaline solution under natural ambient temperature [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(2): 89-95.
[9]	WANG Zhenhua, YANG Zheng, JU Aoying, LU Shike, LIU Baoying, FANG Xiaomin, DING Tao, XU Yuanqing. Effect of compatibilizers on properties of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced polyoxymethylene composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(1): 53-60.
[10]	SUN Zhengmeng, ZHANG Mingxu, ZHANG Xinning, LIANG Ce, ZHANG Hailiang, LI Yunhui, MA Yuqin. Study on Thermal Stability of Bisphenol⁃A⁃Type Epoxy Matrix Composites Doped with Nano Glass Powders [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 15-20.
[11]	FANG Mei, TAN Kunlun, TAN Yuan, XU Jingwei, HUANG Ming, ZHANG Na. Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of EP/CF and EP/CF/GF [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 21-26.
[12]	JIAN Ranran, YANG Weimin, MOHINI Sain. Study on Chemical Foaming Properties of Recycled⁃Carbon⁃Fiber⁃Reinforced Polystyrene Through Torsion Extrusion [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(8): 88-93.
[13]	JIAO Jiali, YANG Weimin, GAO Xiaodong, SONG Lijian, CHENG Lisheng. Mechanism Analysis of Carbon Fiber Prepared by Recycled Polyethylene⁃Template Method [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(8): 94-99.
[14]	CHEN Quangui, ZHANG Meilin, WANG Xiaojun, YANG Jie. Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Semi⁃aromatic Polyamide PA6T and Its PTFE Composites [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(7): 1-11.
[15]	LIU Yao, DING Jianfeng, XIA Zhean, LI Xinxin. Study on Anti⁃thermal Oxidative Aging Mechanism of Polyamide 6/Short⁃cut Carbon Fiber/Copper Salt Composites [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(7): 12-17.