Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of EP/CF and EP/CF/GF

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2021.09.004

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of high?performance fiber?reinforced composite materials to replace traditional metal materials is considered as one of the most effective ways to realize the lightweight of automobiles. However， the application safety of automobile has risen an emerging for the high?temperature resistance of composite materials. This work focuses on the influence of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of composite materials. Epoxy resin （EP）/carbon fiber （CF） and EP/CF/glass mat （GF） composites were prepared through vacuum assisted resin transfer molding （VARTM）.The relationship between the square of resin flow distance and the flow time in the two fiber layup modes was explored， and the permeability of the two fiber layup systems was investigated comparatively. Two types of composites were treated at high temperatures and their mechanical properties before and after the high temperature treatment were analyzed. The tensile fracture morphology of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the loose structure of GF felt in the EP/CF/GF composites made the resin flow more easily. The Young's modulus and tensile strain of EP/CF composites decreased by 9.97 % and 11.36 %， respectively. However， the effect of heat treatment on the EP/CF/GF composites was insignificant. The addition of GF felt resulted in a decrease in the flexure properties of the two composites. The fracture surface of the composites without heat treatment was smooth. However， after heat treatment， the fracture surface became rough with significant deformation of the matrix.

Key words: vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, carbon fiber, glass fiber mat, composite, mechanical property

CLC Number:

TQ323.5

FANG Mei, TAN Kunlun, TAN Yuan, XU Jingwei, HUANG Ming, ZHANG Na. Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of EP/CF and EP/CF/GF[J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 21-26.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of fiber layering

Fig.2. The square of flow distance of the resin as a function of time

样品	斜率
EP/CF	3.94×10^-6
EP/CF/GF	5.81×10^-6

Tab.1. Fitting results of flow distance of the resin as a function of time

Fig.3. Tensile properties of 0/90 ° EP/CF and EP/CF/GF before and after heat treatment

Fig.4. Flexural properties of 0/90 ° EP/CF and EP/CF/GF before and after heat treatment

Fig.5. Loss modulus of 0/90 ° EP/CF and EP/CF/GF before and after heat treatment

Fig.6. Morphology of 0/90 ° EP/CF and EP/CF/GF after fracture

References 18

1	肖云健，黄姿禹，辛朝波，等. 电泳涂装对车用复合材料性能影响研究［J］. 复合材料科学与工程， 2019 （11）： 115.
	XIAO Y J， HUANG Z Y， XIN C B， et al. Study on the Effect of Electrophoretic Coating on the Properties of Composites in Automotive［J］. Composites Science and Engineering，2019 （11）： 115.
2	唐葆君，刘江鹏. 中国新能源汽车产业发展展望［J］. 北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）， 2015， 17（2）： 1⁃6.
	TANG B J， LIU J P. Prospects of China’s New Energy Vehicle Industry［J］. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology （Social Science Edition）， 2015， 17（2）： 1⁃6.
3	张艾南. 北京奔驰新能源汽车项目进度管理［D］. 北京：北京化工大学， 2017.
4	张婧，于今，熊磊，等. 车用碳纤维复合材料性能及成型工艺［J］. 科技导报， 2016（8）：26⁃30.
	ZHANG J， YU J， XIONG L， et al. Performance and Molding Processes of Automotive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics［J］. Science ＆ Technology Review， 2016（8）：26⁃30.
5	CHOI H S， AHN K J， NAM J D， et al. Hygroscopic Aspects of Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite Laminates in Aircraft Environments［J］. Composites Part A： Applied Science & Manufacturing， 2001， 32（5）： 709⁃720.
6	VIGUIE G， MALQUARTI G， VINCENT B， et al. Epoxy/Carbon Composite Resins in Dentistry： Mechanical Properties Related to Fiber reinforcements［J］. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry，1994， 72（3）： 245⁃249.
7	YAN S ， HE P ， JIA D ， et al. Effects of High⁃Temperature Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Cf⁃SiC⁃（Al₂O₃） Reinforced Geopolymer Composites［J］. Composites Part B Engineering， 2017， 114（4）：289⁃298.
8	MA Y， JIN S S， MASAHITO U， et al. Higher Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites from Thermoplastic Prepreg Technique： Heat and Moisture Effect［J］. Composites Part B Engineering， 2018， 154（1）： 90⁃98.
9	KIM K W， HAN W， KIM B S， et al. A Study on EMI Shielding Enhancement Behaviors of Ni⁃plated CFs⁃Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites by Post Heat Treatment［J］. Applied Surfaceence， 2017， 415（9）：55⁃60.
10	PAPON E A ， HAQUE A ， SPEAR S K. Effects of Functionalization and Annealing in Enhancing the Interfacial Bonding and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Fiber⁃Reinforced Composites［J］. 2020， 25（9）： 101 365.
11	BANEA M D， SILVA L F M D. The Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Adhesives for the Automotive Industry［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design & Applications， 2010， 224（l2）：51⁃62.
12	HANCOX N L. Thermal Effects on Polymer Matrix Composites：Part 1. Thermal Cycling［J］. Materials & Design， 1998，19（3）：85⁃91
13	HANCOX N L. Thermal Effects on Polymer Matrix Composites：Part 2. Thermal Degradation［J］. Materials & Design， 1998，19（3）： 93⁃97.
14	FAN J， HU X， YUE C Y， et al. Thermal Degradation Study of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Based on Modified Bismaleimide Resin and Cyanateester［J］. Polymer International， 2003， 52（1）： 15⁃22.
15	SKOURLIS T P， MCCULLOUGH R L. The Effect of Temperature on the Behavior of the Inter Phase in Polymeric Composites［J］.Composites Science and Technology， 1993， 49（4）： 363⁃368.
16	史俊虎，余启勇，王满昌，等. 一种快速比较纤维/树脂渗透率的方法研究［J］. 玻璃钢/复合材料， 2011（4）： 24⁃26.
	SHI J H， YU Q Y， WANG M C， et al. Research on Fast Comparison of Permeability Between the Fiber and Resin［J］. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites， 2011（4）： 24⁃26.
17	MEKIC S， AKHATOV I S， ULVEN C A， et al. Analysis of a Radial Infusion Model for In⁃Plane Permeability Measurements of Fiber Reinforcement in Composite Materials［J］. Polymer Composites， 2010， 30（12）： 1 788⁃1 799.
18	NGUYEN V H， LAGARDERE M， PARK C H， et al. Permeability of Natural Fiber Reinforcement for Liquid Composite Molding Processes［J］.Journal of Materials Science， 2014， 49（18）：6 449⁃6 458.

[1]	YU Changyong, XIN Zhong. Effect of α/β complex nucleating agent based on hexahydrophthalate on properties of polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 121-128.
[2]	FENG Bingtao, WANG Xiaoke, ZHANG Xin, SUN Guohua, WANG Dianlong, HOU Lianlong, MA Jinsong. Preparation and application of continuous carbon⁃fiber⁃reinforced thermoplastic composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 165-173.
[3]	TAN Liqin, LIU Weiqu, LIANG Liyan, WANG Shuo, FENG Zhiqiang, LIN Jiaming. Preparation and performance of epoxy resin modified with mercaptan polysiloxane [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 21-29.
[4]	SONG Yinbao, YANG Jianjun, LI Chuanmin. Study on properties and manufacturing precision of PDMS/SiC functionally gradient composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 30-36.
[5]	XU Jie, ZHONG Jinfu, TONG Xiaoqian, LI Guangfu, FU Dongliang, LI Chengcheng. Preparation and performance of carboxyl⁃terminated tannic acid/gallic acid⁃based epoxy composite [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 44-50.
[6]	LI Kaize, XIN Yong. Properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites modified with carbon nanotubes [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 1-5.
[7]	YANG Xiaolong, CHEN Wenjing, LI Yongqing, YAN Xiaokun, WANG Xiulei, XIE Pengcheng, MA Xiuqing. Research progress in polymer/graphene conductive composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 165-173.
[8]	WANG Shuai, ZHANG Yudi, YANG Fukai, XU Xinyu. Preparation and properties of polyimide/multi⁃walled carbon nanotubes composite foams [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 39-45.
[9]	WANG Jinye, TANG Bohu, YANG Lining, XIE Meng, GUO Zechao, YANG Guang. Study on multi⁃jet⁃fusion forming process of PA12 parts [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 81-86.
[10]	SUN Wenbo, XIN Chunling, HE Yadong, ZHAI Yujiao, YAN Baorui. Influence of micro⁃foaming injection molding process on cell structure of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced PBT products [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 1-7.
[11]	WANG Ke, LONG Chunguang. Mechanical and tribological properties of ultra⁃high molecular weight polyethylene/sepiolite fiber composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 19-23.
[12]	CHEN Sheng, LIANG Yingchao, WU Fangjuan, FANG Hui, FAN Xinfeng, CHEN Hui, WANG Yonggang. Preparation and interfacial modification of polyamide 6/bidirectional warp⁃knitted glass fiber composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 24-28.
[13]	HE Hezhi, XU Li, YANG Yike. Effect of prestress on mechanical properties of PC/CF laminates [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 1-5.
[14]	LIU Wen, SHI Wenzhao, LIU Jinshu, LU Shaofeng, ZHOU Hongjuan. Research progress in electro⁃active shape memory composite materials [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 175-189.
[15]	RUAN Fangtao, XIA Chenglong, ZHANG Baogen, CAO Ye, LIU Zhi, XU Zhenzhen, ZHANG Jincao. Axial compressive properties of aramid⁃coated carbon⁃fiber⁃reinforced epoxy resins [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 19-23.