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2011, Volume 25 Issue 09 Publication date: 26 September 2011 Previous Issue Next Issue

Interpretation——Transformation Promotion of Equipment Manufacturing from Production Manufacturing to Service-oriented Manufacturiing——Strategic Transformation Exploration of China's Plastics Machinery Industry

Jian LI

2011, 25 (09): 1-5 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.001

Abstract ( 1576 )

According to the national "twelfth-five year plan" requirements for equipment manufacturing, the development of plastics machinery industry in the future 5 years is analyzed. The industry's strategic transformation will mainly focus on three aspects. One is theoretical and practical application of plastic processing innovations, the second is plastics heated part of the innovation, third is injection molding machine servo control system innovation.

Research Progress in Flame Retardant Technology for Polystyrene Foams

WANG Yong CUI Zheng DONG Mingzhe SUN Tongbing CHEN Yu

2011, 25 (09): 6-10 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.002

Abstract ( 1666 )

The development of fire-retardant polystyrene foam technology reviewed. Bromine-based, and phosphorus based, expanded graphite-based, and inorganic based flame retardants as well as their synergist systems were introduced.

Research Progress of Laser Marking on Plastics

FENG Chi WU Wenjing LI Siyuan ZHANG Yong

2011, 25 (09): 11-15 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.003

Abstract ( 1746 )

Compared with traditional printing technology, the laser marking possessed some advantages: clear, durable, easy to operate, and environmental friendly. Three kinds of laser marking methods (light marking dark, dark marking light, and color marking), the marking principle, and the preparation of the laser marking composition were introduced. The future development of laser marking method was also forecast.

Research Progress in Tribology Investigation on POM and Its Composites

LU Qin SHI Liping

2011, 25 (09): 16-20 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.004

Abstract ( 1572 )

The basic physical and chemical properties of POM were briefly described, and various POM based systems were overviewed, including filled or blended with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), inorganic (nano)particles, and green fillers. The wear mechanism and synergistic effect with foreign additives were also discussed.

Research on Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Phenolic Resin Modified by Poly(ether ether ketone)

Limin WU Shuhua QI Nailiang LIU Shasha LI

2011, 25 (09): 21-24 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.005

Abstract ( 1299 )

The behavior of thermal decomposition of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) modified phenolic resin was investigated. The TG curves of PEEK modified PF could be divided into three stages. The thermal decomposition data was analyzed by Kissinger, Ozawa, and Crane equations. The obtained activation energy (E), pre-exponential factor (A), and reaction order (n) of the thermal degradation were 561 kJ/mol, 1.06×1035 s-1, 0.9648, repectively.

Effect of the Number of Methylene Groups of Alcohol Chain Extender on Polyurethane Elastomer

Hao JIN Jianxun LUO Lixin MAO Liqun ZHANG

2011, 25 (09): 25-28 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.006

Abstract ( 1470 )

A Polyurethane (PU) prepolymer was synthesized from 4,4 '- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), from which PU elastomers were prepared with three-functional polyether polyols(330N) and different types of alcohol chain extender. Thermal and dynamic performance of the PU elastomers were characterized through DSC, TGA, DMTA, and mechanical properties testing. The effect of the number of methylene groups of alcohol chain extender on properties of PU elastomer was studied. It showed that the Tg and tanδ decreased, thermal stability and dynamic performance were enhanced ,tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness increased with increasing length of the alcohol chain extender.

Research on Electrical Property of PA6/CNTs Composites

Zhongyuan LI Hongling SUN Wentao LIU Suqin HE Chengshen ZHU

2011, 25 (09): 29-33 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.007

Abstract ( 1487 )

The PA6/organic-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites were prepared through in-situ polymerization. The effect of the content of CNTs, temperature, and frequency on the electrical property, dielectric properties, and electromagnetic shielding performance of the composites was studied. It showed that with increasing content of CNTs, the volume and surface resistivities of the composites decreased, a major dropping of 2~3 orders of magnitude was observed. As the temperature increased, the dielectric constant of composites increased. When the temperature was 180 ℃, the dielectric constants of the composites containing 1.0 % and 2.0 % of CNTs were 2608 and 1660, respectively. The dielectric loss of composites increased with increasing temperature and leveled off at higher CNTs loading. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the composites changed moderately at low frequency but obviously at high frequencies (above 106 Hz). The electromagnetic shielding capacity of the composites could be observed at a frequency range between 105.5 and 109 Hz,. When the frequency was over 109Hz, there was almost no shielding effect.

Effect of N-glycine Amide Maleic Acid on the Nucleation of PP

Xingming LI Zhiping LV

2011, 25 (09): 34-37 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.008

Abstract ( 1410 )

Polypropylene (PP) was modified with N-glycine amide maleic acid(GMA) and GMA/4A, and the crystallixation behavior and mechanical properties of the systems were studied using DSC, XRD, and PLM. The crystallization temperature was increased remarkably and the spherulites became smaller through the modification. At the same time, the impact, flexural, and tensile strengths were improved by 160 %, 47%, and 2 %, respectively.

Influence of Polyaluminosiloxane on flame retardancy of PC

Youcai CHEN Wenjun ZHOU Jian SONG Jingli ZHANG

2011, 25 (09): 38-42 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.009

Abstract ( 1356 )

Polyaluminosiloxane was synthesized through cohydrolysis condensation reaction, which was used as a flame retardant in polycarbonate (PC ). The flame retardant behavior of the system was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index, and cone calorimeter analysis. It was found that the polyaluminosiloxane could reduce the decomposition rate of the PC and increase the amount of degradation residue during combustion. Adding 5 mass % of polyaluminosiloxane into PC, the limited oxygen index of the PC increased from 25.5 % to 29.4 %, and the fire performance index of the PC increased by 2.5 times. Moreover, the addition of polyaluminosiloxane significantly decreased the heat release rate and the emission of CO, CO2, and smoke during the combustion.

Effects of Al(OH)₃ and Its Composite Flame Retardant on Flame Retarding Performance and Mechanical Properties of Cable Jacket

Xinpeng HOU Xingchuang KANG Di XU Yang JIAO Zhentao GUO

2011, 25 (09): 43-47 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.010

Abstract ( 1486 )

Three kinds of retardant system, single-component Al(OH)3, Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2, and Al(OH)3-OMMT, were applied in cable jacket material and their effects on flame retarding performance and mechanical properties were studied, When the weight ratio of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 was 1:1(phr), materials has good flame retardant property. A synergistic effect between Al(OH)3 and OMMT was confirmed by the formation of compact charred layer. Single-component Al(OH)3 also showed a significant effect on flame retarding performance.

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA6 /reactable nano-SiO₂ composites

Xiangmin XU Yuping GE Yudong ZHANG Zhijun ZHANG

2011, 25 (09): 48-55 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.011

Abstract ( 1443 )

PA6/reactive nano-SiO2 composites were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by melt compounding. The non-isothermal crystallization of the composties and neat PA6 were studied through Jeziorny and Mo methods based on DSC analysis. It showed that reactive nano-SiO2 had a strong heterogeneous nucleation effect on PA6 matrix. Its addition increased the crystallization rate of PA6, and led to changes in crystal structure, growth mechanism, and activation energy of PA6.

Study on Properties of Polypropylene/Styrene-butadiene Rubber Powder Blends

Yan LI Fengxia CAO Yan ZHAO Shiming DA Dianhong XU

2011, 25 (09): 56-60 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.012

Abstract ( 1446 )

Styrene-butadiene powder (SBR) was introduced into polypropylene (PP) as a toughener, the mechanical property of PP/SBR was studied, and the influence of a compatilizer on mechanical properties of the blend was investigated. It was found that the impact strength of the PP/PSBR/compatibilizer system was 5 times that of neat PP, however, the tensile strength, stiffness, and heat distortion temperature were decreased. Observed by TEM, the compatibilizer made the PSBR finer dispersed in PP matrix, which was considered a reason for the effective toughening.

Research Progress in Halogen-free Flame Retarded Polyolefin Cable Materials

Bin ZHAO Sheng ZHANG Julin WANG Rong ZHANG Mingzhe DONG

2011, 25 (09): 61-65 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.013

Abstract ( 1677 )

The recent development of halogen-free flame-retarding for polyolefin cable material has been reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of halogen-free flame-retardant agents were summarized . The mechanisms of halogen-free flame-retardant agents and present application were analyzed. Development status of polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer was dealt with. Some suggestions were made for the development of high-performance, multi-functional halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin cable materials.

Studies on Influence of the Size of PP Powder on Dispersion Behavior of Nanaparticles

Weijinag HUANG Jun QIN Zhu LUO Mengyu CHEN

2011, 25 (09): 66-69 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.014

Abstract ( 1311 )

The dispersion behavior of nanoparticles in PP power of different size was studied in this paper. The average molecular weight and its distribution of PP were determined using gel permeation chromatography. The specific surface area of different PP power, the dispersion behavior of nano-particles in PP power were characterized using transmission electron microscope. It showed that the size of PP power has an obvious influence on the dispersion behavior of nanoparticles in the matrix, while the viscosity of the polymer has no effect on it.

The preparation and properties analysis of phenolization of humic acid–phenol–formaldehyde foams

Zheng'an WANG Xianglin ZHANG Yajun TONG Xiao SU

2011, 25 (09): 70-74 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.015

Abstract ( 1391 )

Phenolized humic acid (PHA) was used in the preparation of PHA-phenol-formaldehyde foam. The structure and properties of the foam were characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric , nitrogen adsorption, and impact testing. When the loading of PHA was 40 wt%, an impact strength of 5.7 kJ/m2, a compression strength of 0.33 MPa, an oxygen index of 47 %，a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.038 W/（m·K）, and a carbon residue at 400 ℃ of 79.1 % were obtained.

Study on Two-dimensional Self-reinforcement of PE-HD in Two-dimensional Compound Stress Field

Yi YUAN Shaohu XU Shuang CUI Kaizhi SHEN

2011, 25 (09): 75-78 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.016

Abstract ( 1269 )

Through a shearing-drawing two-dimensional stress field applied in a pipe-extrusion die developed by this group, two-dimensional self-reinforcement high density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipe was prepared. The tensile strength, molecule orientation and crystallinity of the pipe were studied. It showed that the two-dimensional stress field improved the molecule orientation and crystallinity, the circular and axial tensile strengths of the pipe were improved simultenously. The best circular and axial tensile strength were 24.52 MPa and 25.82 MPa, increased by 13 % and 14.8%, respectively, based on regular pipe. The crystallinity was increased to 71.95 % and the improvement was 8.2 %. A shish kebab structure was observed.

Application of Modified Needle-shaped Nano-calcium Carbonate in PVC

Qishuai JIAO Yongqi HU Ruizhen CHEN Hongqiang HAO Xiu PANG

2011, 25 (09): 79-84 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.017

Abstract ( 1351 )

Needle-shaped nano-calcium carbonate was modified and was introduced into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials, the mechanical properties of the composite were studied. The tensile and impact strengths of the composite containing 5 % modified nano-calcium carbonate increased by 5 and 10 %, respectively, compared with un-filled PVC. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) showed that the dispersion of the modified nano-calcium carbonate was uniform，fracture surface showed a ductile mode.

Synergistic Effects of a Phosphorus-Silicon Flame Retardant with Ammonium Polyphosphate in Flame Retarded EVA

Detian LIAO Anbin TANG Xiuyun LI Hanbing MA Kanglin XU

2011, 25 (09): 85-89 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.018

Abstract ( 1446 )

A phosphorus-silicon compound (EMPZR) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were used as an intumescent flame retardant in poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)(EVA) It was found that when the loading of intumescent flame retardant was 40 %(APP:EMPZR=1:1), the limiting oxygen index value reached 28.6 %, and the burning grading reached UL-94 V-0; the tensile strength was 6.4MPa, and the elongation at break was 592 %; TGA showed that the char yield was 15 % at 800 ℃.The synergistic effects of EMPZR and APP was studied by SEM and FT-IR.

Design of Elongational Co-rotating Twin-Screw Element and Its Mixing Performance

HUANG Fengchun ZHOU Bingbin LIANG Wenhu

2011, 25 (09): 90-94 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.019

Abstract ( 1952 )

A non-intermeshing twin-screw element was designed based on the elongational flow in the polymer processing. The mixing performance of the element was compared with that of S type screw element. Cumulated maximum tensile rate distribution and differential pressure between exit and entrance were obtained by simulation for flow field of non-intermeshing elongational element and S type screw element. Moreover, the influence of non-intermeshing elongational element and S type screw element on the phase morphology incompatible polymer blends PP/PS was compared. It was found that the conveying performance of non-intermeshing elongational element was worse, but the elongational and dispersive mixing performances were better than those of S type screw element.

Numerical Study on Mixing Performance of Different Screw Elements of Co-rotating Twin-screws Extruders

Tao PENG Chaoyang JIA

2011, 25 (09): 95-100 ; DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2011.09.020

Abstract ( 1388 )

The flow of polypropylene (PP) in channel of screw element of a co-rotating twin screw extruder was simulated using POLYFLOW software. The three dimensional isothermal flow fields of PP in the channel of a regular and a slotted screw element were calculated. The logarithm stretching, segregation scale, and resident time of particles in the channel of regular and slotted screw elements were analyzed. The mixing performances in the two kinds of screw elements were compared through particle tracking analysis (PTA). Because of the leakage flow, the slotted screw element has lower conveying capacity, lesser dispersive mixing performance, but longer resident time and better distribution mixing performance than the regular screw element.