中国塑料 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 117-126.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2023.11.013

• 塑料与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

环境中的微塑料污染及降解

孙文潇1,2, 杨帆1,2, 侯梦宗1,2, 贺丹丹1,2, 吴慧1,2, 刘强1,2, 张宏1,2()   

  1. 1.西北民族大学化工学院,环境友好复合材料国家民委重点实验室,甘肃省高校环境友好复合材料及生物质利用省级重点实验室,兰州 730300
    2.甘肃省生物质功能复合材料工程研究中心,兰州 730300
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-09 出版日期:2023-11-26 发布日期:2023-11-22
  • 通讯作者: 张宏(1971—),男,教授,从事功能高分子材料研究,gszhangh@126.com
    E-mail:gszhangh@126.com

Microplastic pollution and degradation in environment

SUN Wenxiao1,2, YANG Fan1,2, HOU Mengzong1,2, HE Dandan1,2, WU Hui1,2, LIU Qiang1,2, ZHANG Hong1,2()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory for Uility of Environment?Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Environment?Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission,College of Chemical Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China
    2.Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center,Lanzhou 730030,China
  • Received:2023-05-09 Online:2023-11-26 Published:2023-11-22
  • Contact: ZHANG Hong E-mail:gszhangh@126.com

摘要:

由于塑料制品的过度使用并且难以进行回收,导致大部分塑料进入自然环境中。在生物和非生物因素共同作用下其理化性质发生变化,对大气、水体、土壤造成严重的微塑料(MPs)污染,甚至对人体产生了一定程度的负面影响。随着环保意识的提高,寻求一种高效绿色的塑料降解方式显得尤为重要。生物降解因绿色环保、无二次污染等优点引起了人们的广泛关注。本文首先概括了大气、水体、土壤中的MPs污染的来源及危害,其次进一步总结了塑料的生物降解与非生物降解与不同类型塑料的酶降解机制,最后,对MPs的生物降解未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 微塑料, 生物降解, 微生物, 聚乙烯, 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯, 聚苯乙烯

Abstract:

The excessive use of plastic products and the recycling difficulty have led to most plastics entering the environment. The combination of biotic and abiotic factors changes their physical and chemical properties, causing serious microplastic pollution of the atmosphere, water bodies and soil. It even generates a certain degree of negative impact on humans. With an increase in the awareness of environmental protection, it is essential to find an efficient and eco⁃friendly method for plastic degradation. A lot of attention has been attracted by biodegradation because of its advantages of being green and free of secondary pollution. This paper summarized the sources and hazards of microplastics pollution in the atmosphere, water, and soil. The biodegradation and non⁃biodegradation of plastics and the enzymatic degradation mechanism of different types of plastics were further discussed. Finally, the future research direction of microplastics biodegradation was prospected.

Key words: microplastics, biodegradation, microorganism, polyethylene, poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate), polystyrene

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