中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 25-29.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.05.004

• 材料与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

静电喷纺低密度聚乙烯超细纤维及其性能

李长金1, 刘文龙2, 杨卫民2, 郭子芳1(), 李好义2()   

  1. 1.中石化(北京)化工研究院有限公司,中国石化医用卫生材料研究与应用重点实验室,北京 100013
    2.北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-14 出版日期:2025-05-26 发布日期:2025-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 郭子芳(1973—),男,正高级工程师,从事高分子化学与物理研究,guozf.bjhy@sinopec.com
    李好义(1987—),男,副教授,从事微纳米纤维先进制备及应用研究,lhy@buct.edu.cn
    E-mail:guozf.bjhy@sinopec.com;lhy@buct.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(U22B6012);中国石化科技部项目(223087)

Preparation and performance of electrostatic melt⁃blown low⁃density polyethylene microfibers

LI Changjin1, LIU Wenlong2, YANG Weimin2, GUO Zifang1(), LI Haoyi2()   

  1. 1.Sinopec Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Medical and Hygienic Materials,Sinopec (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co,Ltd,Beijing 100013,China
    2.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China
  • Received:2024-10-14 Online:2025-05-26 Published:2025-04-26
  • Contact: GUO Zifang, LI Haoyi E-mail:guozf.bjhy@sinopec.com;lhy@buct.edu.cn

摘要:

为解决聚乙烯纤维细化难题,实现聚乙烯超细纤维及其膜材的制备与应用,在传统熔喷工艺的基础上改进熔喷模头并引入静电场,制备了低密度聚乙烯(PE⁃LD)超细纤维及其非织造布。研究了静电场强度和静电场作用距离对非织造布形态、纤网结构和直径分布的影响,进一步地,对比了引入电场前后非织造布在过滤、疏水和力学性能方面的差异。结果表明,随着静电场强度增加,纤维的平均直径从9.82 μm减少到8.07 μm,纤维的直径分布变窄,非织造布的过滤效率增加。在流量为32 L/min时,最高过滤效率可达73.65 %,过滤阻力19.1 Pa,且随着电场的增强,非织造布的疏水效果得到提升。这种静电喷纺方法可适用于高黏度熔体的微纳纤维及其非织造布的连续性制备,在滤材及包装等市场具备广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 低密度聚乙烯, 熔喷技术, 超细纤维, 聚合物加工, 静电熔喷

Abstract:

To address the challenges in refining polyethylene (PE) fibers and realize the preparation and applications of ultra⁃fine PE fibers and their membranes, a type of low⁃density PW (PE⁃LD) ultra⁃fine fibers and their nonwoven fabrics were successfully produced through improving the traditional melt⁃blown process by modifying the melt⁃blown die and introducing an electrostatic field. The effects of electrostatic field strength and distance on the morphology, web structure, and diameter distribution of the nonwoven fabrics were investigated. Furthermore, the differences in filtration, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties of the nonwoven fabrics before and after introducing the electrostatic field were compared. The results indicated that the average fiber diameter decreased from 9.82 μm to 8.07 μm with an increase in the electrostatic field strength, and the fiber diameter distribution became narrow. This improved the filtration efficiency of the nonwoven fabrics. At a flow rate of 32 L/min, the highest filtration efficiency reached 73.65 % at a filtration resistance of 19.1 Pa. In addition, the hydrophobic performance of the nonwoven fabrics was enhanced with an increase in the electrostatic field. Such an electrostatic spinning method is suitable for the continuous preparation of high⁃viscosity melt micro⁃nano fibers and their nonwoven fabrics. The obtained products presented broad application prospects in the markets such as filtration materials and packaging.

Key words: low?density polyethylene, melt?blown technology, microfiber, polymer processing, electrostatic melt?blowing

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