中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 26-37.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.09.005

• 材料与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚甲醛纤维复合气凝胶的制备及其辐射冷却性能研究

陈曦1,3, 董金明1,3, 王亚涛1,3, 柏入義2, 史涛2, 刘欢2, 马小丰1,3(), 汪晓东2()   

  1. 1.开滦煤化工研发中心,河北 唐山 063018
    2.北京化工大学,有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室,北京 100029
    3.河北省煤基材料与化学品技术创新中心,河北 唐山 063018
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-19 出版日期:2025-09-26 发布日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 马小丰(1985—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事聚合物合成及高性能纤维开发及应用研究,klecrd_mxf@163.com
    汪晓东(1967—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事塑料改性和相变储能材料研究,wangxdfox@aliyun.com
    E-mail:klecrd_mxf@163.com;wangxdfox@aliyun.com

Fabrication and radiative cooling properties of polyoxymethylene fiber⁃based composite aerogels

CHEN Xi1,3, DONG Jinming1,3, WANG Yatao1,3, BAI Ruyi2, SHI Tao2, LIU Huan2, MA Xiaofeng1,3(), WANG Xiaodong2()   

  1. 1.Coal Chemical R&D Center of Kailuan Group,Tangshan 063018,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Organic?Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China
    3.Hebei Provincial Technology Innovation Centre of Coal?based Materials and Chemicals,Tangshan 063018,China
  • Received:2025-06-19 Online:2025-09-26 Published:2025-09-22
  • Contact: MA Xiaofeng, WANG Xiaodong E-mail:klecrd_mxf@163.com;wangxdfox@aliyun.com

摘要:

采用真空冷冻干燥法制备了聚甲醛纤维(POM)/纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)复合气凝胶,系统探讨了POM纤维长度对气凝胶结构与性能的影响。并向体系中引入不同质量百分含量的纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂),制备了POM/CNF/SiO₂复合气凝胶,并研究了其辐射冷却性能的变化。通过在晴朗天气下分别对比阳光直射与阴影环境中气凝胶样品的温度变化。结果表明,在阳光直射条件下,以1 mm长度POM纤维制备的POM/CNF气凝胶可实现最高8.7 ℃的亚环境降温效果,而加入SiO₂后的POM/CNF/SiO₂气凝胶降温幅度进一步提升,最高可达12.2 ℃;在阴影环境中,两者的降温幅度分别为2.5 ℃和1.6 ℃。此外,适量添加纳米SiO₂显著提高了材料的太阳反射率(最高达92.44 %)和机械压缩性能,同时保持了较高的红外发射率(82.56 %)和低热导率[0.048 W/(m·K)]。

关键词: 聚甲醛纤维, 气凝胶, 辐射冷却, 热管理

Abstract:

In this study, polyoxymethylene (POM)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite aerogels were fabricated via vacuum freeze⁃drying, and the influence of fiber length on their structure and properties was systematically investigated. Nano⁃silica (SiO₂) was incorporated at varying mass percentages to produce POM/CNF/SiO₂ composite aerogels, and their radiative cooling performance was evaluated. Temperature variations of the aerogels were monitored under direct sunlight and shaded conditions on a clear day. Results indicated that the POM/CNF aerogel prepared with 1 mm fibers achieved a maximum sub⁃ambient cooling of 8.7 ℃ under direct sunlight. With the addition of nano⁃SiO₂, the composite aerogel exhibited enhanced cooling performance, reaching a maximum temperature reduction of 12.2 ℃. Under shaded conditions, the temperature drops were 2.5 and 1.6 ℃ for the POM/CNF and POM/CNF/SiO₂ composite aerogels, respectively. Notably, the optimal incorporation of nano⁃SiO₂ significantly improved solar reflectance (up to 92.44 %) and compressive strength while maintaining high infrared emissivity (82.56 %) and low thermal conductivity [0.048 W/(m·K)]. These findings indicate that POM⁃based composite aerogels exhibit exceptional radiative cooling performance and favorable mechanical properties, offering a viable strategy for energy⁃efficient cooling applications and the development of high⁃performance radiative cooling textiles.

Key words: polyoxymethylene fibers, aerogel, radiative cooling, thermal management

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