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中国塑料 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 117-126.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2023.11.013
孙文潇1,2, 杨帆1,2, 侯梦宗1,2, 贺丹丹1,2, 吴慧1,2, 刘强1,2, 张宏1,2()
收稿日期:
2023-05-09
出版日期:
2023-11-26
发布日期:
2023-11-22
通讯作者:
张宏(1971—),男,教授,从事功能高分子材料研究,gszhangh@126.com
SUN Wenxiao1,2, YANG Fan1,2, HOU Mengzong1,2, HE Dandan1,2, WU Hui1,2, LIU Qiang1,2, ZHANG Hong1,2()
Received:
2023-05-09
Online:
2023-11-26
Published:
2023-11-22
Contact:
ZHANG Hong
E-mail:gszhangh@126.com
摘要:
由于塑料制品的过度使用并且难以进行回收,导致大部分塑料进入自然环境中。在生物和非生物因素共同作用下其理化性质发生变化,对大气、水体、土壤造成严重的微塑料(MPs)污染,甚至对人体产生了一定程度的负面影响。随着环保意识的提高,寻求一种高效绿色的塑料降解方式显得尤为重要。生物降解因绿色环保、无二次污染等优点引起了人们的广泛关注。本文首先概括了大气、水体、土壤中的MPs污染的来源及危害,其次进一步总结了塑料的生物降解与非生物降解与不同类型塑料的酶降解机制,最后,对MPs的生物降解未来的研究方向进行了展望。
中图分类号:
孙文潇, 杨帆, 侯梦宗, 贺丹丹, 吴慧, 刘强, 张宏. 环境中的微塑料污染及降解[J]. 中国塑料, 2023, 37(11): 117-126.
SUN Wenxiao, YANG Fan, HOU Mengzong, HE Dandan, WU Hui, LIU Qiang, ZHANG Hong. Microplastic pollution and degradation in environment[J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(11): 117-126.
存在环境 | MPs形式 | 塑料类型 | MPs污染现况 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
天津近岸海域 | 纤维、碎片、棒状、薄膜 | 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、酚醛塑料(PF)、纤维素塑料(CE)、聚乙烯(PE) | 珊瑚礁生态系统造成破坏 | [ |
中国西南地区土壤 | 纤维、碎片 | PE | 农作物减产 | [ |
西班牙农田 | 碎片、纤维、薄膜 | 聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC) | 重金属污染 | [ |
青藏高原地区菜田 | 薄膜、纤维、碎片、泡沫、颗粒 | PE、PP、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺(PA) | 抗生素吸附 | [ |
山东地区土壤 | 碎片、纤维、薄膜、颗粒和泡沫 | PE、PP、PS、聚氨基甲酸酯(PU)、乙烯⁃丙烯共聚物(EPC)、丙烯腈⁃丁二烯⁃苯乙烯共聚物(ABS) | 土壤生物损伤 | [ |
瑞士湖泊 | 泡沫、纤维、碎片、薄膜、线状 | PE、PP 、PS | 危害海洋动植物 | [ |
德国自来水厂饮用水 | 颗粒 | PVC 、PE 、PA | 影响水生植物呼吸作用 | [ |
黄河 | 纤维 | PE、PP、PS | 有害塑化剂释放 | [ |
泰山大气 | 碎片、纤维、薄膜 | PE、PP、PS、PET、PA | 病害生物的载体 | [ |
北京大气系统 | 纤维 | PET、人造丝(RY) | 吸附多种污染物 | [ |
韩国大气 | 碎片、纤维 | PP、PET | 人体吸入 | [ |
存在环境 | MPs形式 | 塑料类型 | MPs污染现况 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
天津近岸海域 | 纤维、碎片、棒状、薄膜 | 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、酚醛塑料(PF)、纤维素塑料(CE)、聚乙烯(PE) | 珊瑚礁生态系统造成破坏 | [ |
中国西南地区土壤 | 纤维、碎片 | PE | 农作物减产 | [ |
西班牙农田 | 碎片、纤维、薄膜 | 聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC) | 重金属污染 | [ |
青藏高原地区菜田 | 薄膜、纤维、碎片、泡沫、颗粒 | PE、PP、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺(PA) | 抗生素吸附 | [ |
山东地区土壤 | 碎片、纤维、薄膜、颗粒和泡沫 | PE、PP、PS、聚氨基甲酸酯(PU)、乙烯⁃丙烯共聚物(EPC)、丙烯腈⁃丁二烯⁃苯乙烯共聚物(ABS) | 土壤生物损伤 | [ |
瑞士湖泊 | 泡沫、纤维、碎片、薄膜、线状 | PE、PP 、PS | 危害海洋动植物 | [ |
德国自来水厂饮用水 | 颗粒 | PVC 、PE 、PA | 影响水生植物呼吸作用 | [ |
黄河 | 纤维 | PE、PP、PS | 有害塑化剂释放 | [ |
泰山大气 | 碎片、纤维、薄膜 | PE、PP、PS、PET、PA | 病害生物的载体 | [ |
北京大气系统 | 纤维 | PET、人造丝(RY) | 吸附多种污染物 | [ |
韩国大气 | 碎片、纤维 | PP、PET | 人体吸入 | [ |
名称 | 相关降解酶 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|
聚氨酯(PUR) | 角质酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、酯酶、脲酶 | [ |
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET) | 水解酶、角质酶、脂肪酶、丝氨酸酯酶、羧酸酯酶 | [ |
聚苯乙烯(PS) | 苯乙烯单加氧酶 | [ |
聚乙烯醇(PVA) | PVA氧化酶 | [ |
聚氯乙烯(PVC) | 木质素过氧化物酶 | [ |
漆酶、锰过氧化物酶、豆过氧化物酶 | [ |
名称 | 相关降解酶 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|
聚氨酯(PUR) | 角质酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、酯酶、脲酶 | [ |
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET) | 水解酶、角质酶、脂肪酶、丝氨酸酯酶、羧酸酯酶 | [ |
聚苯乙烯(PS) | 苯乙烯单加氧酶 | [ |
聚乙烯醇(PVA) | PVA氧化酶 | [ |
聚氯乙烯(PVC) | 木质素过氧化物酶 | [ |
漆酶、锰过氧化物酶、豆过氧化物酶 | [ |
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