中国塑料 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 88-93.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.09.015

• 助剂 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型磷⁃氮复合阻燃剂的制备及其在TPU中的应用

韦深智1, 陈娟1, 饶杰1, 张樱豪2, 周敏杰2, 张旗2()   

  1. 1.武汉誉城千里建工有限公司,武汉 430050
    2.武汉工程大学材料科学与工程学院,武汉 430205
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-25 出版日期:2024-09-26 发布日期:2024-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 张旗,男,武汉工程大学副教授,从事功能高分子的研究,whzq_2014@163.com
    E-mail:whzq_2014@163.com

Preparation of new phosphorus⁃nitrogen composite flame retardant and its application in TPU

WEI Shenzhi1, CHEN Juan1, RAO Jie1, ZHANG Yinghao2, ZHOU Minjie2, ZHANG Qi2()   

  1. 1.Wuhan Yucheng Qianli Construction Co,Ltd,Wuhan 430050,China
    2.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China
  • Received:2023-12-25 Online:2024-09-26 Published:2024-09-27
  • Contact: ZHANG Qi E-mail:whzq_2014@163.com

摘要:

以依替膦酸为磷源(EA),对苯二胺(PPD)为氮源,通过简单的一步法反应合成磷⁃氮有机盐阻燃剂EP,并且通过核磁共振氢谱(NMR)和红外光谱分析(FTIR)测试对其结构进行了表征。通过熔融共混法将EP与TPU混合制备阻燃改性TPU,并对制得的磷⁃氮有机磷酸盐阻燃剂改性TPU的热稳定性、阻燃性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,添加EP对TPU的热稳定性影响较小,阻燃性明显提升;添加3 %(质量分数,下同)的EP时,所得到的阻燃改性TPU(TPU⁃3%EP)的极限氧指数(LOI)达到28.40 %, 可以通过UL 94阻燃V⁃0评级,且残炭率(CY)比纯TPU提高1倍多;与纯TPU相比,TPU⁃3 %EP的总热释放量(THR)和峰值热释放速率(PHRR)分别降低22.12 %和61.85 %,材料的有效燃烧热(AEHC)也有所降低;EP主要通过在凝聚相催化成炭隔绝热氧交换来提升TPU的阻燃性能;其次在气相中发挥自由基淬灭效应也起到一定的阻燃效果。

关键词: 磷?氮有机盐阻燃剂, 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体, 阻燃性

Abstract:

A phosphorus⁃nitrogen organic salt flame retardant (EP) was synthesized through a simple one⁃step reaction using etdronic acid as a phosphorus source (EA) and antiphenylenediamine (PPD) as a nitrogen source. Its structure was characterized by 1H⁃NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The flame⁃retardant TPU was prepared by mixing TPU with EP using a melt blending method, and its thermal stability, flame retardant performance, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of EP generated little effect on the thermal stability of TPU, and its flame retardancy was significantly improved. The flame⁃retardant TPU containing 3 wt.% EP (TPU⁃3% EP) obtained a limiting oxygen index of 28.40 vol.% and also achieved a UL 94 V⁃0 classification in the vertical burn experiment. The residual carbon yield (CY) was more than twice that of pure TPU. Compared with pure TPU, the total heat release and peak heat release rate of TPU⁃3% EP were reduced by 22.12% and 61.85%, respectively, and its effective combustion heat was also reduced. EP can enhance the flame⁃retardant performance of TPU mainly by catalyzing the condensation phase to form charcoal and isolate thermal oxygen exchange. Moreover, the free radical quenching effectiveness in the gas phase also generates a certain flame⁃retardant effect.

Key words: phosphorus?nitrogen organic salt flame retardant, thermoplastic polyurethane, flame retardancy

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