Mechanical and fatigue properties of twisted⁃plant⁃fiber⁃reinforced polyurethane composites

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.11.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Flexible polyurethane foam （FPUF）/twisted plant fiber （TPF） composites were prepared using a multidimensional implanting method. The effects of the implantation direction， hairiness rate， and volume fraction of TPF on the interface bon⁃ding， mechanical properties， and fatigue resistance of FPUF/TPF were investigated. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of the composites were improved after the TPF was planted. When the volume fraction of TPF implantation was set between 0.35 % and 0.7 %， the composites obtained a better enhancement in performance together with a lightweight. The enhancement of mechanical properties after planting bars reflected an increase in indentation hardness， which increased by up to 89.69 %. The indentation ratio was generally improved up to 3.56， resulting in an increase by 37.98 %. The composites also showed an improvement in support performance. The transversely planted reinforcement samples generally presented a decrease in hysteresis loss rate， improving their comfortability when used as a cushion material.The longitudinally plan⁃ted reinforcement samples generally presented an increase in hysteresis loss rate， leading to an improvement in buffering performance. The enhancement of fatigue resistance of the composites after planting bars reflected an improvement in creep resistance and deformation resistance， and the deformation was smaller after long⁃term use. After bar implantation， the 40% indentation hardness loss rate was reduced to a minimum of 11.01 %， showing a decrease by 38.59 %. The cycle times after bar implantation reached 4.1 times than that of the blank sample. A comparative study indicated that the transversely plan⁃ted samples had a better interface than the longitudinally planted ones. The TPF with less hairiness had a better interface with polyurethane， and too much hairiness might affect the size and shape of the cells to a certain extent.

Key words: plant fiber, stiffener, flexible polyurethane foam, composite, mechanical property, fatigue resistance

CLC Number:

TQ323.8

LI Wenting, LI Mingpeng, CHEN Jihe, YUAN Zhitong, CHENG Haitao. Mechanical and fatigue properties of twisted⁃plant⁃fiber⁃reinforced polyurethane composites[J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(11): 41-50.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of planting reinforcement

Fig.2. Cross⁃sectional images of longitudinally planted rebar sample（BY）

Fig.3. Cross⁃sectional images of transversely planted rebar sample（BY）

Fig.4. Longitudinal⁃section images of the sample （less hairy JY）

Fig.5. Longitudinal⁃section images of the sample （hairy JY）

Fig.6. Cell defects

样品	FPUF/JY复合材料				FPUF/NY复合材料				FPUF/BY复合材料				FPUF
植筋体积分数/%	0.10	0.35	0.70	1.00	0.10	0.35	0.70	1.00	0.10	0.35	0.70	1.00	—
纵向植筋样品密度/g·cm^-3	0.075	0.079	0.082	0.085	0.075	0.076	0.080	0.082	0.074	0.075	0.077	0.079	0.077
横向植筋样品密度/g·cm^-3	0.078	0.079	0.081	0.083	0.075	0.076	0.077	0.080	0.075	0.076	0.080	0.083	0.077
变异系数/%	2.32	1.67	2.08	2.58	1.83	2.13	3.02	2.11	1.26	1.75	2.63	2.79	—

Tab.1. Density of composites under different planting conditions

Fig.7. Indentation hardness of FPUF/TPF composites with different implants volume fractions

Fig.8. Variation of density and hardness of FPUF/JY composites with different implants volume fractions

Fig.9. Indentation ratio of composites under different bar planting conditions

Fig.10. Hysteresis rates of FPUF/TPF composites under different bar planting conditions

Fig.11. Deformation⁃time curves of FPUF/TPF composites

Fig.12. Strain growth of FPUF/TPF composites after 1 h compression

Fig.13. 40 % indentation hardness variation trend of the samples

样品		原始厚度/mm	最终厚度/mm	厚度差/mm	压缩永久变形率/%
FPUF		24.97	17.58	7.39	29.60
横向植筋样品	FPUF/JY	25.39	20.10	5.29	20.83
横向植筋样品	FPUF/NY	25.79	18.44	7.35	28.49
纵向植筋样品	FPUF/JY	26.08	17.62	8.46	32.44
纵向植筋样品	FPUF/NY	24.91	16.68	8.23	33.05

Tab.2. Comparison of compression permanent deformation before and after planting reinforcement

References 27

1	GUPTA M K， SINGH R. Flexural and dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA） of polylactic acid （PLA） coated sisal fibre reinforced polyester composite［J］. Mater Today： Proceedings， 2018， 5（2）： 6 109⁃6 114．
2	Rao Fei， Chen Yuhe， Li Neng， et al. Preparation and characterization of outdoor bamboo⁃fiber⁃reinforced composites with different densities［J］. Bioresources， 2017， 12（3）： 6 789⁃6 811.
3	王翠翠，李明鹏，王戈，等. 植物纤维/热塑性聚合物预浸料在汽车轻量化领域的应用进展［J］. 林业科学， 2021， 57（9）： 168⁃180.
	WANG Cuicui， LI Mingpeng， WANG Ge， et al. Application progress of plant fiber/thermoplastic polymer prepreg in automotive lightweight field［J］. Scientia Silvae Sinicae， 2021， 57（9）： 168⁃180.
4	ENGELS H W， PIRKL H G， ALBERS R， et al. Polyurethanes： Versatile materials and sustainable problem sol⁃vers for today’s challenges［J］. Angewandte Chemie International Edition， 2013， 52（36）： 9 422⁃9 441.
5	AZIZI Y， DAVIES P， BAJAJ A K. Identification of nonlinear viscoelastic models of flexible polyurethane foam from uniaxial compression data［J］. American Society of Mechanical Engineers， 2016， 8（2）： 447⁃454．
6	CHEN Shuming， YANG Jiang， JING Chen， et al. The Effects of various additive components on the sound absorption performances of polyurethane foams［J］. Advances in Materials Science & Engineering， 2015： 1⁃9.
7	DING W D， JAHANI D， CHANG E， et al. Development of PLA/cellulosic fiber composite foams using injection molding： Crystallization and foaming behaviors［J］. Composites Part A： Applied Science & Manufacturing， 2016， 83（1）： 130⁃139.
8	HASANALIZADEH F， DABIRYAN H， SADIGHI M. Low⁃velocity impact behavior of weft⁃knitted spacer fabrics reinforced composites based on energy absorption［J］. IOP Conference Series： Materials Science and Engineering， 2017， 254（4）： 042014.
9	刘秀玉，张冰，韩祥祥，等. 空心玻璃微珠/硬质聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备及性能［J］. 复合材料学报， 2020， 37（9）： 2 094⁃2 104.
	LIU X Y， ZHANG B， HAN X X， et al. Preparation and properties of hollow glass microspheres/rigid polyurethane foam composites［J］. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica， 2020， 37（9）： 2 094⁃2 104.
10	宁春平，易玉华. 竹纤维的表面包覆及其对浇注型聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响［J］. 复合材料学报， 2021， 38（8）： 2 715⁃2 723.
	NING C P， YI Y H. Surface coating of bamboo fibres and its effects on the mechanical properties of casting polyurethane elastomer［J］. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica， 2021， 38（8）： 2 715⁃2 723.
11	ALAIMO A， ORLANDO C， VALVANO S. An alternative approach for modal analysis of stiffened thin⁃walled structures with advanced plate elements［J］. European Journal of Mechanics⁃A/Solids， 2019， 77： 103820.
12	SINHA L， MISHRA S S， NAYAK A N， et al. Free vibration characteristics of laminated composite stiffend plates： experimental and numerical investigation［J］. Composite Structures， 2020， 233： 111557.
13	WEI Xin， ZHOU Haiying， CHEN Fuming， et al. Ben⁃ding flexibility of moso bamboo （phyllostachys edulis） with functionally graded structure［J］. Materials （Basel， Switzerland）， 2019， 12（12）： 2007.
14	AZWA Z N， YOUSIF B F， MANALO A C， et al. A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres［J］. Materials & Design， 2013， 47： 424.
15	李琪微，王翠翠，郑海军，等. 挤出循环对聚丙烯/竹粉复合材料力学及发泡性能的影响［J］.中国塑料， 2022， 36（2）： 56⁃60.
	LI Q W， WANG C C， ZHENG H J， et al. Effects of multiple extrusions on mechanical and foaming properties of polypropylene/bamboo fiber composites［J］. China Plastics， 2022， 36（2）： 56⁃60.
16	王静. 成核剂对软质聚氨酯泡沫微观结构及性能的影响［D］. 北京：北京化工大学， 2018.
17	SUNG G， KIM S K， JI W K， et al. Effect of isocyanate molecular structures in fabricating flexible polyurethane foams on sound absorption behavior［J］. Polymer Tes⁃ting， 2016， 53： 156⁃164.
18	GWON J G， KIM S K， KIM J H. Sound absorption behavior of flexible polyurethane foams with distinct cellular structures［J］. Materials & Design， 2016， 89： 448⁃454.
19	HUANG Y J， VAIKHANSKI L， NUTT S R. 3D long fiber⁃reinforced syntactic foam based on hollow polymeric microspheres［J］. Composites Part A： Applied Science & Manufacturing， 2006， 37（3）： 488⁃496.
20	林晓英，齐飞，丁倩，等. 竹原纤维制备过程各阶段形态结构及理化性能分析［J］. 纺织器材， 2022， 49（2）： 7⁃10.
	LIN X Y， QI F， DING Q， et al. Analysis of the morphological structure and physical and chemical properties of bamboo raw fiber at each stage of the preparation process［J］. Textile Accessories， 2022， 49（2）： 7⁃10.
21	孙晓婷，郭亚. 竹纤维的性能及其开发应用［J］.成都纺织高等专科学校学报， 2017， 34（1）： 201⁃205.
	SUN X T， GUO Y. Properties of bamboo fiber and its development and application［J］. Journal of Textile Science and Engineering， 2017， 34（1）： 201⁃205.
22	胡冲冲，沈国平，黄旭，等. 聚氨酯高回弹泡沫的滞后性能研究［J］. 聚氨酯工业， 2015， 30（4）： 18⁃21.
	HU C C， SHEN G P， HUANG X， et al. Study on the hysteresis of high resilience polyurethane foam［J］. Polyurethane Industry， 2015， 30（4）： 18⁃21.
23	刘伟，侯泳村. 汽车座椅泡沫弹性滞后率的影响因素研究［J］. 聚氨酯工业， 2017， 32（4）： 38⁃40.
	LIU W， HOU Y C. Study on the influence factors of elastic hysteresis of the auto seat foam［J］. Polyurethane Industry， 2017， 32（4）： 38⁃40.
24	Wei Xin， Wang Ge， Smith Lee Miller， et al. Effects of gradient distribution and aggregate structure of fibers on the flexibility and flexural toughness of natural moso bamboo （phyllostachys edulis）［J］. Journal of Materials Research and Technology， 2022， 16： 853⁃863.
25	丁佰锁. 复合泡沫金属材料缓冲吸能性能研究［D］. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学， 2006.
26	罗瑜莹，肖生苓，李琛，等. 纤维多孔缓冲包装材料泡孔参数与其力学性能的关系［J］. 林业科学， 2017， 53（5）： 116⁃124.
	LUO Y Y， XIAO S L， LI C， et al. Relationships between bubble parameters and mechanical properties of fiber porous cushioning packaging material［J］. Scientia Silvae Sinicae， 2017， 53（5）： 116⁃124.
27	袁泉. 汽车内饰用微发泡植物纤维复合材料性能研究［D］. 武汉：武汉理工大学， 2020.

[1]	JIA Mingyin, DONG Xianwen, WANG Jiaming, CHEN Ke. Effect of impregnation method on vacuum bag press molding process and properties of polyamide 6 composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 1-6.
[2]	ZHANG Lin, XIA Zhangchuan, HE Yadong, XIN Chunling, WANG Ruixue, REN Feng. Influence of gas flow of plasma jet carrier on modification effect for glass fiber [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 7-15.
[3]	JIAO Zhiwei, WANG Kechen, ZHANG Yang, YANG Weimin. Performance of PVC/ABS composites filled with carbon black and talc powders based on carbon nano coating deposition [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 10-15.
[4]	YU Jiuyang, WANG Zhonghao, CHEN Qi, XIA Yazhong. Study on properties of advanced resin matrix composites for valve body manufacturing [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 16-22.
[5]	ZHANG Taozhong, CHEN Xiaolong, HAO Xiaoyu, YU Fujia. Comparison of mechanical properties and interfacial interactions of polypropylene composites filled with talc， calcium carbonate， and barium sulfate [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 36-41.
[6]	QU Yuting, WANG Limei, QI Bin. Effect of poly（ethylene glycol） on properties of poly（lactic acid）/starch nanocrystal composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 56-61.
[7]	YU Changyong, XIN Zhong. Effect of α/β complex nucleating agent based on hexahydrophthalate on properties of polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 121-128.
[8]	TAN Liqin, LIU Weiqu, LIANG Liyan, WANG Shuo, FENG Zhiqiang, LIN Jiaming. Preparation and performance of epoxy resin modified with mercaptan polysiloxane [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 21-29.
[9]	SONG Yinbao, YANG Jianjun, LI Chuanmin. Study on properties and manufacturing precision of PDMS/SiC functionally gradient composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 30-36.
[10]	XU Jie, ZHONG Jinfu, TONG Xiaoqian, LI Guangfu, FU Dongliang, LI Chengcheng. Preparation and performance of carboxyl⁃terminated tannic acid/gallic acid⁃based epoxy composite [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 44-50.
[11]	LI Kaize, XIN Yong. Properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites modified with carbon nanotubes [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 1-5.
[12]	DONG Shaoce, LI Chenggao, ZHANG Xufeng, XIAN Guijun. Environmental impact assessment for manufacture of plant fiber honeycomb core [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 108-115.
[13]	YANG Xiaolong, CHEN Wenjing, LI Yongqing, YAN Xiaokun, WANG Xiulei, XIE Pengcheng, MA Xiuqing. Research progress in polymer/graphene conductive composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 165-173.
[14]	WANG Shuai, ZHANG Yudi, YANG Fukai, XU Xinyu. Preparation and properties of polyimide/multi⁃walled carbon nanotubes composite foams [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 39-45.
[15]	WANG Jinye, TANG Bohu, YANG Lining, XIE Meng, GUO Zechao, YANG Guang. Study on multi⁃jet⁃fusion forming process of PA12 parts [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 81-86.