Research progress in polypropylene⁃based insulation materials for direct current power cables

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.11.025

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper introduced the basic requirements of direct current （DC） cable insulation as well as the problems exi⁃sting in mechanical properties， aging resistance， insulation properties and thermal conductivity when using polypropylene as a raw material for DC cable insulation. The research progress in the copolymerization modification， nanoparticle modification， blend modification and graft modification of polypropylene was reviewed. The future research direction of polypropylene⁃based materials for DC cable insulation was prospected.

Key words: cable insulation, direct current transmission, polypropylene, nano?modification, space charge

CLC Number:

TQ325.1⁺4

SONG Jianing, DU Bin, ZHANG Zhenli, GAO Ganggang, LI Shuanhong, ZHU Wenqin, CAO Wenbin, CHEN Shangtao. Research progress in polypropylene⁃based insulation materials for direct current power cables[J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(11): 174-182.

Figures/Tables 6

性能	PP	PE⁃XL
熔点	较高	较低
生产工艺	简单高效	繁杂低效
是否交联	否	是
聚合物特性	热塑性	热固性
电缆长期工作温度/℃	90	70
力学性能	抗张强度高，热变形小	抗张强度较低，热变形大
电气性能	击穿场强高，体积电阻率高	击穿场强低，体积电阻率低
环保特性	可回收再利用	难回收再利用

Tab.1. Performance comparison of PP and PE⁃XL［7］

Fig.1. Uniaxially tensile stress⁃strain curve［15］

Fig.2. Space charge distribution of PP under direct current electric field of 60 kV/mm at room temperature for 45 mins and its TSC curve［15］

Fig.3. Effect of nano particle content on thermal conductivity of PP［24］

Fig.4. SEM images of PP/elastomer composites with different density［28］

Fig.5. Schematic diagram of grafting side chains［9］

References 37

1	王亚，吕泽鹏，吴锴，等. 高压直流XLPE电缆研究现状［J］. 绝缘材料，2014，47（1）：4.
	WANG Y， LV Z P， WU K，et al. Research status of HVDC XLPE cable［J］. Insulating Materials，2014，47（1）：4.
2	杜伯学，李忠磊，杨卓然，等. 高压直流交联聚乙烯电缆应用与研究进展［J］. 高电压技术，2017，43（2）：11.
	DU B X， LI Z L， YANG Z R，et al. Application and research progress of HVDC XLPE cables［J］. High Voltage Engineering，2017，43（2）：11.
3	邵森安，马勰，丰如男，等. 电力电缆国内外研究综述［J］. 电线电缆，2021，3：7.
	SHAO S N， MA X， FENG R N，et al. Review of researches on power cables at home and abroad［J］. Wire & Cable， 2021，3：7.
4	KurahashiK，MatsudaY，UedaA，et al. The application of novel polypropylene to the insulation of electric power cable ［C］//Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition：Asia Pacific. Yokohama： IEEE/PES，2002，2：1 278⁃1 283.
5	东方网. 国内首根环保型PP绝缘电缆成功挂网试运行一周年［Z］. （2021⁃1⁃21）［2022⁃9⁃1］. http：//ex.chinadaily.com.cn/exchange/partners/82/rss/channel/cn/columns/sz8srm /stories/WS600946c1a3101e7ce973c0e3.html.
6	宁波东方集团. 国内首次10kV聚丙烯绝缘电缆高湿高盐雾环境挂网通电［Z］. （2022⁃1⁃5）［2022⁃9⁃1］. https：//www.qrunning.com/news/view？id=1932.
7	彭二磊，马壮，苏艳文，等. 新型环保聚丙烯绝缘中压电力电缆的研究［J］. 电线电缆， 2021，5：13⁃16.
	PENG E L， MA Z， SU Y Y，et al. Research on new type environmental polypropylene insulated medium voltage power cable［J］. Wire & Cable， 2021，5：13⁃16.
8	朱乐为，杜伯学. 环境友好型直流电缆料聚丙烯绝缘的电树枝研究进展［J］. 电气工程学报，2018，13（11）：21⁃29.
	ZHU L W， DU B X. Research status on electrical tree of polymer insulation materials in HVDC cables ［J］. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2018，13（11）：21⁃29.
9	樊林禛，李琦，袁浩，等. 接枝对聚丙烯绝缘材料热氧老化的影响及机理［J］. 中国电机工程学报，2022，42（11）：4 227⁃4 238.
	FAN L Z， LI Q， YUAN H， et al. Influence and mechanism of grafting on thermal oxidative aging of polypropylene［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE，2022，42（11）：4 227⁃4 238.
10	黄兴溢，张军，江平开. 热塑性电力电缆绝缘材料：历史与发展［J］. 高电压技术，2018，44（5）：22.
	HUANG X Y， ZHANG J， JIANG P K. Thermoplastic insulation materials for power cables： history and progress［J］. High Voltage Engineering，2018，44（5）：22.
11	李盛涛，王诗航，李建英. 高压直流电缆料的研发进展与路径分析［J］. 高电压技术，2018，44（5）：13.
	LI S T， WANG S H， LI J Y. Research progress and path analysis of insulating materials used in HVDC cable［J］. High Voltage Engineering，2018，44（5）：13.
12	Kai W， Wang Y， Xia W，et al. Effect of space charge in the aging law of cross⁃linked polyethylene materials for high voltage DC cables［J］. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine，2017，33（4）：53⁃59.
13	吴锴，朱庆东，王浩森，等. 温度梯度下双层油纸绝缘系统的空间电荷分布特性［J］. 高电压技术，2012，38（9）：7.
	WU K， ZHU Q D， WANG H S，et al. Space charge distribution characteristic in double⁃layer oil impregnated papers under temperature gradient［J］. High Voltage Engineering，2012，38（9）：7.
14	Yao Zhou， Chao Yuan， Li Chuanyang， et al. Temperature dependent electrical properties of thermoplastic polypropylene nanocomposites for HVDC cable insulation［J］. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2019，26（5）：1 596⁃1 604.
15	Zha J W， Yan H D， Li W K，et al. Morphology and crystalline⁃phase⁃dependent electrical insulating properties in tailored polypropylene for HVDC cables［J］. Applied Physics Letters，2016，109（22）：222902.
16	Meng P， Zhou Y， Yuan C，et al. Comparisons of different polypropylene copolymers as potential recyclable HVDC cable insulation materials［J］. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2019，26（3）：674⁃680.
17	Huang X， Fan Y， Zhang J，et al. Polypropylene based thermoplastic polymers for potential recyclable HVDC cable insulation applications［J］. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2017，24（3）：1 446⁃1 456.
18	于凡，闫轰达，严智民，等. 共聚聚丙烯中乙烯含量对材料力学和介电性能的影响［J］. 石油化工，2022，51（5）：541⁃547.
	YU F， YAN H D， YAN Z M，et al. Effect of ethylene content on mechanical and dielectric properties of polypropylene copolymer［J］. Petrochemical Technology，2022，51（5）：541⁃547.
19	马超，闵道敏，李盛涛，等. 聚丙烯/氧化铝纳米电介质的陷阱与直流击穿特性［J］. 物理学报，2017，66（6）：281⁃289.
	MA C， MIN D M， LI S T，et al.Trap distribution and direct current breakdown characteristics in polypropylene/Al₂O₃ nanodielectrics［J］. Acta Physica Sinica，2017，66（6）：281⁃289.
20	Yao Zhou， Chao Yuan， Qi Li，et al. Recyclable insulation material for HVDC cables in global energy interconnection［J］. Global Energy Interconnection，2018，1（4）：520⁃526.
21	Hu S， Zhou Y， Yuan C，et al. Surface⁃modification effect of MgO nanoparticles on the electrical properties of polypropylene nanocomposite［J］. High Voltage，2020，5：249⁃255.
22	Gao Yahan， Huang Xingyi， Min Daomin，et al. Recyclable dielectric polymer nanocomposites with voltage stabilizer interface： toward new generation of high voltage direct current cable insulation［J］. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering， 2019， 7（1）：513⁃525.
23	Zhou Y， Hu J， Dang B，et al. Effect of different nanoparticles on tuning electrical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites［J］. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2017，24（3）：1 380⁃1 389.
24	Ebadi⁃Dehaghani H， Reiszadeh M， Chavoshi A，et al. The effect of zinc oxide and calcium carbonate nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity of polypropylene［J］. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B⁃Physics，2014，53（1）：93⁃107.
25	Cheewawuttipong W， Fuoka D， Tanoue S，et al. Thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene/boron nitride composites［J］. Energy Procedia，2013，34：808⁃817.
26	Li Z， Fan M， Zhou S，et al. BNNS encapsulated TiO₂ nanofillers endow polypropylene cable insulation with enhanced dielectric performance［J］. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2021，28（4）：1 238⁃1 246.
27	Yang Jinhai， Yong Zhang， Zhang Yinxi. Brittle–ductile transition of PP/POE blends in both impact and high speed tensile tests［J］. Polymer，2003，44（17）：5 047⁃5 052.
28	栗松. 聚丙烯/弹性体复合材料的物理机械性能及交流介电特性［D］. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学，2018.
29	Zhang L， Wu W， Xu Y，et al. Effect of annealing rate on low⁃temperature impact strength and space charge characteristics of isotactic polypropylene［C］// 2021 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference. Denver： IEEE，2021，482⁃485.
30	Hong Shin⁃Ki，Hwan Lee Seong， Jin Ah Han，et al. Polypropylene⁃based soft ternary blends for power cable insulation at low⁃to⁃high temperature［J］. Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2022，139（6）：51619.
31	Ouyang Yingwei，Amir Masoud Pourrahim， Anja Lund，et al. High⁃temperature creep resistant ternary blends based on polyethylene and polypropylene for thermoplastic power cable insulation［J］. Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2021，59 （11）：1 084⁃1 094.
32	Yu Seunggun，Hwan Lee Seong， Jin Ah Han，et al. Insulative ethylene⁃propylene copolymer⁃nanostructured polypropylene for high⁃voltage cable insulation applications［J］，Polymer，2020， 202：122674.
33	高铭泽. 聚丙烯基电缆绝缘材料改性方法与介电性能研究［D］. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学，2020.
34	Diao J， Huang X， Jia Q， et al. Thermoplastic isotactic polypropylene/ethylene⁃octene polyolefin copolymer nanocomposite for recyclable HVDC authorized licensed cable insulation［J］. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2017，24（3）：1 416⁃1 429.
35	Yao Z， Dang B， Wang H，et al. Polypropylene⁃based ternary nanocomposites for recyclable high⁃voltage direct⁃current cable insulation［J］. Composites science & Technology，2018，165：168⁃174.
36	ZHA J W， WU Y H， WANG S J，et al. Improvement of space charge suppression of polypropylene for potential app⁃lication in HVDC cables［J］. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2016，23（4）：2 337⁃2 343.
37	Yuan M， Zhang G， Li B，et al. Thermally stable low⁃loss polymer dielectrics enabled by attaching cross⁃linkable antioxidant to polypropylene［J］. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces，2020，12（12）：14 154⁃14 164.

[1]	ZHANG Lin, XIA Zhangchuan, HE Yadong, XIN Chunling, WANG Ruixue, REN Feng. Influence of gas flow of plasma jet carrier on modification effect for glass fiber [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 7-15.
[2]	ZHANG Bing. Study on test of oxidation induction time for random copolymer polypropylene pipe [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 107-109.
[3]	ZHAO Hongjing, ZHU Jiang. Study on numerical simulation of two⁃phase extrusion for micro/nano⁃laminated natural rubber/polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 110-114.
[4]	LIU Yi, WANG Ye, SUN Wei, QU Guoxing, XU Xia, YANG Shaolin, YUAN Ning. Determination of content of transparent nucleating agent in polypropylene using infrared spectroscopy [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 115-118.
[5]	ZHANG Taozhong, CHEN Xiaolong, HAO Xiaoyu, YU Fujia. Comparison of mechanical properties and interfacial interactions of polypropylene composites filled with talc， calcium carbonate， and barium sulfate [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 36-41.
[6]	WU Wei, HU Huanbo, SHEN Hui, ZHAO Tianyu. Dual⁃synergistic effect of 4A zeolite and Ca⁃Mg⁃Al hydrotalcite on intumescent flame retardant PP and its mechanism [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 1-7.
[7]	YU Changyong, XIN Zhong. Effect of α/β complex nucleating agent based on hexahydrophthalate on properties of polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 121-128.
[8]	LIU Yi, SUN Wei, QU Guoxing, WANG Ye, YUAN Ning, YANG Shaolin, XU Xia, CHANG Xiaoyi, ZHANG Yufei. Structure and performance analysis of transparent polypropylene special material for thin⁃wall injection molding [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 37-43.
[9]	SUN Wei, LIU Yi, LIAO Yunlong, CHEN Junjia. Study on influence factors for determination of ethylene content in polypropylene powder [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 54-59.
[10]	WANG Qingsong. Development of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced polypropylene with high strength and low VOC [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 30-34.
[11]	WANG Fuyu, GUO Jinqiang, ZHANG Yuxia. In⁃situ fibrillation methods of polymer blends and their application in PP⁃based blends [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 146-156.
[12]	LI Rui, JIANG Yanfeng, WU Shuang, AN Yanjie, JIANG Zeyu, ZHANG Mingqiang. Microstructure and thermal characterization of polypropylene special material for cast films through temperature rising elution fractionation [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 53-57.
[13]	CAO Zhifeng, ZHAO Lipin, HE Ting, MA Baijun. Preparation and properties of five⁃layer co⁃extrusion barrier films [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 64-68.
[14]	ZHAI Yujiao, XIN Chunling, HE Yadong, YAN Baorui, QIAO Linjun. Study on process parameters for filling process of polypropylene microcellular injection molding under supercritical N₂ [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 69-74.
[15]	SONG Renda, WU Gaojian, CHEN Junxiang, ZHANG Youchen, YANG Weimin, XIE Pengcheng. Preparation and its electromagnetic shielding performance of PP/PET/CNTs foaming composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(2): 1-7.