Application research of modified nano⁃calcium carbonate in the PVC building fireproof material

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.12.014

Abstract

Abstract:

PVC/CaCO₃ composites were prepared via melt blending using linoleic acid⁃modified nano⁃CaCO₃ as a filler. The influence of the modified nano⁃CaCO₃ on the mechanical properties， flame retardancy， and smoke suppression performance of the composites was systematically investigated. Results indicated that the modified nano⁃CaCO₃ was effectively encapsulated by the PVC matrix. At an optimal loading of 5 wt%， the composite achieved maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of 16.5 MPa and 412.5 %， respectively， corresponding to increases of 47.32 % and 32.3 % compared to pure PVC. Flame retardancy evaluation revealed that the 5 wt% composite exhibited a peak heat release rate of 398.1 kW/m² and a total heat release of 116.1 MJ/m². The incorporation of modified nano⁃CaCO₃ promoted char formation， leading to incomplete combustion characterized by an increased CO generation rate and a decreased CO₂ generation rate. The composite achieved a limiting oxygen index of 39.0 % and a UL 94 rating of V⁃0. These findings demonstrate that the composite possesses excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression properties， suggesting high potential for application in building fireproof materials.

Key words: nano?calcium carbonate, polyvinyl chloride, building fireproof material

CLC Number:

TQ325.3

PANG Yanan, GAO Jianrong. Application research of modified nano⁃calcium carbonate in the PVC building fireproof material[J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(12): 85-91.

Figures/Tables 11

样品编号	PVC/%	改性纳米CaCO₃/%
PVC	100	0
PVC⁃Ca⁃1	100	1
PVC⁃Ca⁃3	100	3
PVC⁃Ca⁃5	100	5
PVC⁃Ca⁃7	100	7

Tab.1. Formulation table of PVC composites

Fig.1. SEM of the fracture surface of the PVC composite

Fig.2. Stress⁃strain curves of the PVC composites

Fig.3. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the PVC composites

Fig.4. Heat release rate and total heat release curves of the PVC composites

Fig.5. Smoke release rate and total smoke release curves of the PVC composites

Fig.6. CO release rate and CO2 release rate curves of the PVC composites

样品编号	LOI/%	UL 94等级
样品编号	LOI/%	等级	是否有熔滴	熔滴是否引燃脱脂棉
PVC	37.1	V⁃2	是	是
PVC⁃Ca⁃1	37.5	V⁃1	轻微	否
PVC⁃Ca⁃3	38.7	V⁃1	轻微	否
PVC⁃Ca⁃5	39.0	V⁃0	无	-
PVC⁃Ca⁃7	38.2	V⁃0	无	-

Tab.2. LOI values and UL 94 rating of PVC composites

Fig.7. Appearance images of the residual carbon after combustion of the PVC composites

Fig.8. SEM of the residual carbon after combustion of the PVC composites

Fig.9. XRD pattern of carbon residue after combustion of the PVC composites

References 21

[1]	贾梦，许准，魏思淼，等.建筑用泡沫材料阻燃研究进展［J］.中国塑料，2024，38（2）：52⁃60.
	JIA M， XU Z， WEI S M， et al. Research progress on flame retardation of foam materials for construction ［J］. China Plastics，2024，38（2）：52⁃60.
[2]	徐瑶，沈文涛，许苗军.Mo⁃MOF对软质PVC材料的阻燃及抑烟性能［J］.塑料，2024，53（1）：18⁃22.
	XU Y， SHEN W T， XU M J. Flame retarding and smoke inhibiting properties of Mo⁃MOF on soft PVC materials ［J］. Plastics， 2017，53（1）：18⁃22.
[3]	Liu H， Wang J， Wen S， et al. Processability， Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Rigid PVC/Kaolin Coated with Liquid Macromolecular Modifier Composites［J］. International Polymer Processing， 2015， 30（2）： 256⁃264.
[4]	张艳云，李峰，刘婷婷，等.轨道交通用聚丙烯复合材料的耐低温性能以及力学性能研究［J］.塑料科技，2022，50（4）：69⁃72.
	ZHANG Y Y， LI F， LIU T T， et al. Study on Low temperature Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites for Rail Transit ［J］. Plastic Science and Technology， 2019，50（4）：69⁃72.
[5]	王占瑞，雷华，叶敏，等.PVC/纳米Al₂O₃复合材料的力学性能研究［J］.应用力学学报，2007（1）：111⁃114+178.
	WANG Z R， LEI H， YE M， et al. Study on mechanical properties of PVC/nano Al₂O₃ composites ［J］. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics，2007（1）：111⁃114+178.
[6]	Morgan A B， Mukhopadhyay P. A targeted review of bio⁃derived plasticizers with flame retardant functionality used in PVC［J］. Journal of Materials Science， 2022， 57（14）： 7 155⁃7 172.
[7]	周琳霞，祝睿娟，宋兴海.聚氯乙烯/芳纶建筑管材的制备及阻燃性能研究［J］.塑料科技，2021，49（9）：47⁃50.
	ZHOU L X， ZHU R J， SONG X H. Study on preparation and flame retarding properties of polyvinyl chloride/aramidon building pipes ［J］. Plastic Science and Technology， 2019，49（9）：47⁃50.
[8]	赵新新.聚氯乙烯阻燃面料的制备及性能研究［J］.塑料科技，2021，49（7）：12⁃16.
	ZHAO X X. Preparation and Performance Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Flame Retardant Fabric ［J］. Plastic Technology， 2021， 49 （7）： 12⁃16.
[9]	娄冬，程格格，刘杰.PVC/GR/SiO₂电缆套的制备和阻燃性能研究［J］.塑料科技，2021，49（5）：31⁃34.
	LOU D， CHENG G G， LIU J. Preparation and flame retardant properties of PVC/GR/SiO₂ cable sleeve ［J］. Plastic Science and Technology， 2019，49（5）：31⁃34.
[10]	余东栋，付志忠，余鹏，等.磷钨酸锌杂多酸盐对PVC阻燃⁃抑烟性能的影响［J］.塑料，2021，50（1）：58⁃61+67.
	YU D D， FU Z Z， YU P， et al. Effect of zinc phosphotungstate heteropolysate on flame retard⁃smoke inhibition properties of PVC ［J］. Plastic， 2010，50（1）：58⁃61+67.
[11]	赵青华，毛秦岑，梅涛，等.阻燃剂对聚氯乙烯/聚酯复合材料性能的影响［J］.纺织学报，2019，40（1）：103⁃107.
	ZHAO Q H， MAO Q C， MEI T， et al. The influence of flame retardants on the properties of polyvinyl chloride/polyester composites ［J］. Journal of Textile Science， 2019， 40 （1）： 103⁃107.
[12]	Liu H， Wang J， Wen S， et al. Processability， morphology， thermal， and mechanical properties of rigid PVC composites with liquid macromolecular modifier‐coated CaCO₃ ［J］. Polymer Composites， 2015， 36（7）： 1 286⁃1 292.
[13]	范友华，吴袁泊，袁利萍.多孔材料协同APP处理木纤维/PVC复合材料的阻燃与抑烟研究［J］.西北林学院学报，2018，33（5）：208⁃213.
	FAN Y H， WU Y B， YUAN L P. Study on flame retardants and smoke suppression of wood fiber /PVC composites treated by porous materials in collaboration with APP ［J］. Journal of Northwest Forestry College，2018，33（5）：208⁃213.
[14]	汤化伟，尚松川，杨保俊，等.LDHs的制备与改性及其在软聚氯乙烯阻燃中的应用［J］.现代化工，2017，37（12）：143⁃148.
	TANG H W， SHANG S C， YANG B J， et al. Preparation and modification of LDHs and its application in flame retardant of soft polyvinyl chloride ［J］. Modern Chemical Industry，2017，37（12）：143⁃148.
[15]	李佳宇.电线电缆用聚氯乙烯复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能研究［J］.塑料科技，2023，51（11）：65⁃68.
	LI J Y. Study on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PVC composite for wire and cable ［J］. Plastic Science and Technology，2023，51（11）：65⁃68.
[16]	Sun S， Li C， Zhang L，et al.Interfacial structures and mechanical properties of PVC composites reinforced by CaCO3 with different particle sizes and surface treatments［J］.Polymer International， 2010， 55（2）：158⁃164.
[17]	潘广华.改性纳米碳酸钙复合水性聚氨酯的制备与性能研究［D］.桂林理工大学，2024.
[18]	吴成宝，盖国胜，陈峥华，等.不同碳酸钙填充聚氯乙烯复合材料力学性能研究［J］.塑料科技，2016，44（5）：37⁃41.
	WU C B， GAI G S， CHEN Z H， et al. Study on Mechanical properties of different calcium carbonate filled polyvinyl chloride composites ［J］. Plastic Science and Technology，2016，44（5）：37⁃41.
[19]	蔡雄，刘治田，游峰，等.改性CaCO₃填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的制备和力学性能［J］.高分子材料科学与工程，2016，32（8）：120⁃124.
	CAI X， LIU Z T， YOU F， et al. Preparation and mechanical properties of modified CaCO₃ filled polytetrafluoroethylene composite materials ［J］. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering， 2016， 32 （8）： 120⁃124.
[20]	余东栋，付志忠，余鹏，等.磷钨酸锌杂多酸盐对PVC阻燃⁃抑烟性能的影响［J］.塑料，2021，50（1）：58⁃61+67.
	YU D D， FU Z Z， YU P， et al. Effect of zinc phosphotungstate heteropolysate on flame retard⁃smoke inhibition properties of PVC ［J］. Plastic， 2010，50（1）：58⁃61+67.
[21]	Edraki M， Sheydaei M， Alinia⁃Ahandani E， et al. Polyvinyl chloride： chemical modification and investigation of structural and thermal properties［J］. Journal of Sulfur Chemistry， 2021， 42（4）： 397⁃409.