可降解农用地膜的材料研究与应用现状

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.05.014

中国塑料 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 87-96.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.05.014

可降解农用地膜的材料研究与应用现状

薛颖昊¹^,², 孙占祥³(), 居学海², 习斌², 靳拓², 贾涛²

^1. 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院，沈阳 110866
^2. 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站，北京 100125
^3. 辽宁省农业科学院，沈阳 110161

收稿日期:2020-04-08 出版日期:2020-05-26 发布日期:2020-05-22
基金资助:
农业农村部农业生态环境保护专项(2110402)

Current Status of Research and Applications of Degradable Materials for Agricultural Soil Films

Yinghao XUE¹^,², Zhanxiang SUN³(), Xuehai JU², Bin XI², Tuo JIN², Tao JIA²

^1. College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
^2. Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
^3. Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China

Received:2020-04-08 Online:2020-05-26 Published:2020-05-22
Contact: Zhanxiang SUN E-mail:sunzx67@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

简述了可降解地膜的发展历史，将现有可降解农用地膜分成全生物降解地膜和崩解型地膜2个部分，综述了合成型生物降解地膜、天然生物聚合型生物可降解地膜、氧化催化剂地膜和光敏剂地膜的组成、性能指标、降解原理及其在农业上的研究应用，并指出国内可降解地膜存在的问题和未来的发展方向，为可降解地膜向更多作物种类的推广应用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 地膜, 生物降解, 崩解, 应用

Abstract:

This paper briefly introduced the history of degradable agricultural soil films, which could be classified into two categories: biodegradable and disintegrating soil films. The paper also summarized the composition, performance, degradation mechanisms, and agricultural applications of synthetic biodegradable, natural bio?based biodegradable, oxidation?catalytic and photosensitive soil films. Moreover, the existing problems and development direction of degradable soil films in China were discussed. These viewpoints provided a theoretical basis for the application of degradable agricultural soil films in a broader range in future.

Key words: mulching film, biodegradability, disintegration, application

中图分类号:

TQ321

薛颖昊, 孙占祥, 居学海, 习斌, 靳拓, 贾涛. 可降解农用地膜的材料研究与应用现状[J]. 中国塑料, 2020, 34(5): 87-96.

Yinghao XUE, Zhanxiang SUN, Xuehai JU, Bin XI, Tuo JIN, Tao JIA. Current Status of Research and Applications of Degradable Materials for Agricultural Soil Films[J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(5): 87-96.

图/表 2

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产品名	生产厂家	型号	组分
Mater?Bi^?	Novamont（意大利）	CF?04P	PBAT、TPS (玉米)、植物油
Ecovio^?	Basf（德国）	M2351	PBAT、PLA(~7 %)
Bioplast^?(B?SP4)	Group Sphere Iberica Biotech（西班牙）	GF106	PBAT、TPS(土豆)
Bioplast^?(B?SP6)	Group Sphere Iberica Biotech（西班牙）	GF106+GS2189	PBAT、TPS^a）(土豆)、PLA
BioFlex^?	FkuR（德国）	F1130	PBAT、PLA (~30 %)
BioFilm^?	Limagrain/Carbios/G.Barbier（法国）	BF3012	PBAT、面粉
Mirel^?	Metabolix（美国）	P5001?4	PBAT、PHB
MIMgreen^?(Paper)	MimCord（西班牙）	-	纤维素
Polyethylene(PE)	Solplast（西班牙）	-	PE?LLD^b）

产品名	生产厂家	型号	组分
Mater?Bi^?	Novamont（意大利）	CF?04P	PBAT、TPS (玉米)、植物油
Ecovio^?	Basf（德国）	M2351	PBAT、PLA(~7 %)
Bioplast^?(B?SP4)	Group Sphere Iberica Biotech（西班牙）	GF106	PBAT、TPS(土豆)
Bioplast^?(B?SP6)	Group Sphere Iberica Biotech（西班牙）	GF106+GS2189	PBAT、TPS^a）(土豆)、PLA
BioFlex^?	FkuR（德国）	F1130	PBAT、PLA (~30 %)
BioFilm^?	Limagrain/Carbios/G.Barbier（法国）	BF3012	PBAT、面粉
Mirel^?	Metabolix（美国）	P5001?4	PBAT、PHB
MIMgreen^?(Paper)	MimCord（西班牙）	-	纤维素
Polyethylene(PE)	Solplast（西班牙）	-	PE?LLD^b）

主要成分	膜厚/μm	密度/g·m^?2	断裂伸长率/%	作物
PHA	8	12	350	马铃薯^[35]
PBS	12	10.5~12.6	-	番茄^[36?37]、胡椒^[37]
PBSA	4~12	8~13	-	棉花^[38]、甘蔗^[39]
PLA	4.5~15	42.1~71.5	-	番茄^[37]、胡椒^[37,40]
PCL、淀粉	-	-	-	油菜^[41]、玉米^[42]
PBAT	10~30	-	15~48	棉花^[38,43]、玉米^[43]
淀粉类	10~15	-	-	胡椒^[40]、棉花^[38]、烤烟^[44]
蛋白质类	-	-	-	莴苣^[45]
纤维素类	15	85	-	胡椒^[40]、番茄^[46]
麻地膜	-	-	-	芦笋^[47]、番茄^[48]
PLA、PHB	15~37	27~85	246	辣椒^[49]、番茄^[46]、莴苣^[46]
PLA、PBAT	15~17	85	-	番茄^[46]、莴苣^[46]、覆盆子^[50]、葡萄^[51]
PBAT、淀粉	-	-	-	覆盆子^[50]
PLA、PBAT、淀粉	15~17	85	-	番茄^[46]、莴苣^[46]

主要成分	膜厚/μm	密度/g·m^?2	断裂伸长率/%	作物
PHA	8	12	350	马铃薯^[35]
PBS	12	10.5~12.6	-	番茄^[36?37]、胡椒^[37]
PBSA	4~12	8~13	-	棉花^[38]、甘蔗^[39]
PLA	4.5~15	42.1~71.5	-	番茄^[37]、胡椒^[37,40]
PCL、淀粉	-	-	-	油菜^[41]、玉米^[42]
PBAT	10~30	-	15~48	棉花^[38,43]、玉米^[43]
淀粉类	10~15	-	-	胡椒^[40]、棉花^[38]、烤烟^[44]
蛋白质类	-	-	-	莴苣^[45]
纤维素类	15	85	-	胡椒^[40]、番茄^[46]
麻地膜	-	-	-	芦笋^[47]、番茄^[48]
PLA、PHB	15~37	27~85	246	辣椒^[49]、番茄^[46]、莴苣^[46]
PLA、PBAT	15~17	85	-	番茄^[46]、莴苣^[46]、覆盆子^[50]、葡萄^[51]
PBAT、淀粉	-	-	-	覆盆子^[50]
PLA、PBAT、淀粉	15~17	85	-	番茄^[46]、莴苣^[46]

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可降解农用地膜的材料研究与应用现状

Current Status of Research and Applications of Degradable Materials for Agricultural Soil Films

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