无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.05.017

中国塑料 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 107-114.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.05.017

无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展

王靖宇, 郝建薇()

北京理工大学材料学院, 国家阻燃材料工程技术研究中心，北京 100081

收稿日期:2020-02-19 出版日期:2020-05-26 发布日期:2020-05-22
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21474008)

Research Progress in Halogen⁃free Flame⁃retardant RPUF

Jingyu WANG, Jianwei HAO()

National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2020-02-19 Online:2020-05-26 Published:2020-05-22
Contact: Jianwei HAO E-mail:hjw@bit.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在阐述塑料应用领域分布、燃烧特性及无卤阻燃优势的基础上，重点关注了我国新兴战略产业节能环保对建筑保温材料的需求。从生物基多元醇、反应型与传统添加阻燃结合、表面处理及催化成炭抑制烟毒等方面，综述了近些年无卤阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展；归纳了应用研究中针对的问题，反映了阻燃材料应用研究的发展趋势，为深入阻燃研究及推进产业应用提供了参考。

关键词: 阻燃, 隔热, 硬质聚氨酯泡沫

Abstract:

This paper introduced the application areas and combustion performance of plastics materials as well as the advantages of halogen?free flame retardants and furthermore focused on the demands of thermal insulation materials in the construction field for energy saving and environmental protection in China's emerging strategic industries. The paper also reviewed the recent research progress in halogen?free flame?retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) from several aspects including bio?based polyols, the combination of reactive and additive?type flame retardants, surface treatment technology, and catalyzing carbonization for inhibiting smoke and toxicity. Moreover, the paper summarized the problems in the application research and prospected the development trend in the application research of flame?retardant materials, which could provide references for further research and industrial application of flame?retardant materials.

Key words: flame retardancy, thermal insulation, rigid polyurethane foam

中图分类号:

TQ323.8

王靖宇, 郝建薇. 无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2020, 34(5): 107-114.

Jingyu WANG, Jianwei HAO. Research Progress in Halogen⁃free Flame⁃retardant RPUF[J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(5): 107-114.

图/表 4

图1 HRC与UL 94垂直燃烧和极限氧指数的关系

Fig.1 Relation of UL 94 vertical burning and limiting oxygen index test results

样品	表观密度/kg?m^?3	极限氧指数/%	压缩强度/kPa	导热系数/ W?(m?K)^-1	吸水率/%	生物降解度/%
商用泡沫	36.0~42.0	19.2	>250	0.028	<3.00	??
RPU?PIR	38.4±1.1	21.7	289.95±7.46	0.025	1.81±0.06	39.0
RPU?PIR/14 %TCMP	35.9±1.3	25.6	303.67±5.32	0.025	0.96±0.03	74.1

表1 生物基RPU?PIR及阻燃泡沫与商用泡沫性能指标对比

Tab.1 Comparison of performance between bio?based RPU?PIR and flame retardant and commercial foams

样品	单元结构元素质量比/%	热分解温度/℃	600 ℃残炭率/%
木质素	C, > 60	230~260	57.0
纤维素	C/O, 44.4/49.4	~270	9.5
植酸	P/O/C, 28.0/59.0/9.0	255	~50
DNA	C/P/N/O, 37.1/9.8/16.7/33.0	150~200	~50

表2 木质素与其他生物基材料热分解性能对比

Tab.2 Comparison of thermal decomposition properties between lignin and other bio?based materials

图2 磷氮反应型阻燃剂TDHTPP的分子结构

Fig.2 Structure of reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus?nitrogen TDHTPP

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无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展

Research Progress in Halogen⁃free Flame⁃retardant RPUF

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