中国塑料 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 13-19.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2023.08.003

• 材料与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同硬质增强填料对PTFE性能的影响

李红波(), 杨睿, 苏正涛()   

  1. 中国航发北京航空材料研究院,减振降噪材料及应用技术重点实验室,北京 100095
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2023-08-26 发布日期:2023-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 苏正涛(1970—),男,研究员,从事特种橡塑材料研究,ztsu@263.net
    E-mail:18801329406@163.com;ztsu@263.net
  • 作者简介:李红波(1994—),男,工程师,从事高功能橡胶与密封材料研究,18801329406@163.com

Effect of different rigid reinforcing fillers on properties of PTFE

LI Hongbo(), YANG Rui, SU Zhengtao()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Vibration and Noise Reduction Materials and Application Technology,AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China
  • Received:2023-03-15 Online:2023-08-26 Published:2023-08-21
  • Contact: SU Zhengtao E-mail:18801329406@163.com;ztsu@263.net

摘要:

分别以体积分数均为25 %的碳纤维(CF)、硅灰石纤维(WF)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚苯酯(POB)、铜粉(Cu)5种硬质填料对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)进行改性,对比研究了不同填料对PTFE力学性能、蠕变性能、导热性能和摩擦学性能的影响,并对试样磨痕表面微观形貌进行分析,探讨了硬质增强填料提升PTFE耐磨损性能的机理。结果表明,5种硬质填料均可明显提高PTFE的硬度和压缩强度,改善蠕变性能和导热性能,但会降低拉强度和断裂伸长率。其中,CF改性PTFE的拉伸强度和压缩强度最高、抗蠕变性能最好,而Cu改性PTFE的硬度最大、导热性能最好。在摩擦过程中,由于填料会在磨痕界面逐渐富集,改性PTFE的耐磨损性能会得到显著提高,3种无机填料会使PTFE的摩擦因数增大,但是聚合物填料PI、POB则反而使得PTFE的摩擦因数略有降低。POB改性的PTFE摩擦因数仅为0.19,体积磨损率约为4.21×10-6 mm3/(N·m),耐磨损性能比纯PTFE提升了260倍,摩擦学性能最为突出。

关键词: 聚四氟乙烯, 填料改性, 增强纤维, 摩擦学性能, 力学性能

Abstract:

Five types of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)⁃based composites with carbon fiber (CF), wollastonite fiber (WF), polyimide (PI), polyoxybenzoyl (POB) and copper powder (Cu) at a volume fraction of 25 vol% were prepared. The effects of different fillers on the mechanical properties, creep properties, thermal conductivity and tribological performance of the composites were comparatively investigated. The micro⁃morphology of the worn surface of the composites was analyzed, and their wear⁃resistant mechanism was discussed. The results indicated that the hardness and compressive strength of PTFE were significantly enhanced by the five types of rigid fillers, its creep was reduced, and its thermal conductance was improved. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PTFE were greatly reduced. The CF⁃modified PTFE composite exhibited the highest tensile and compressive strength and the best creep resistance. Meanwhile, the Cu⁃modified PTFE composite presented the highest hardness and the best thermal conductance. The modified PTFE obtained a considerably improvement in wear resistance due to the enrichment of the rigid fillers at the wear scar interface. The three types of inorganic fillers increased the friction coefficient of PTFE, whereas the two types of polymer fillers, PI and POB, reduced its friction coefficient slightly. The POB⁃modified PTFE composite presented the best tribological performance with a friction coefficient of only 0.19 and a volume wear rate of around 4.21×10-6 mm3/(N·m). Its wear resistance was 260 times higher than that of pure PTFE.

Key words: polytetrafluoroethylene, filler modification, reinforcing fiber, tribological performance, mechanical property

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