中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 7-12.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.11.002

• 材料与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

真空辅助发泡制备硬质低密度开孔聚酰亚胺泡沫的结构与性能

解明东1(), 秦柳2, 司道星1, 刘家鑫3(), 杨卫民1   

  1. 1.北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京 100029
    2.宁波格林美孚新材料科技有限公司,宁波 315300
    3.中国航天科技创新研究院,北京 100088
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02 出版日期:2025-11-26 发布日期:2025-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 刘家鑫(1990—),工程师,研究方向为功能材料复合制造技术,15118840475@163.com
    E-mail:2023200688@buct.edu.cn;15118840475@163.com
  • 作者简介:解明东(2001—),硕士研究生,研究方向为高分子材料先进制造,2023200688@buct.edu.cn

Structure and properties of rigid low⁃density open⁃cell polyimide foam prepared by vacuum⁃assisted foaming

XIE Mingdong1(), QIN Liu2, SI Daoxing1, LIU Jiaxin3(), YANG Weimin1   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China
    2.Ningbo GMF New Material Technology Co,Ltd,Ningbo 315300,China
    3.China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation,Beijing 100088,China
  • Received:2024-12-02 Online:2025-11-26 Published:2025-11-21
  • Contact: LIU Jiaxin E-mail:2023200688@buct.edu.cn;15118840475@163.com

摘要:

利用二酐单体3,3',4,4'⁃联苯醚二酐(ODPA)和二胺单体4,4'⁃二氨基二苯醚(4,4'⁃ODA)为原料制备的前驱体粉末,在真空氛围下加热发泡后,在空气氛围下加热至350 ℃制备了硬质开孔聚酰亚胺泡沫。通过核磁、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重、压汞、扫描电子显微镜和力学分析表征了前驱体和泡沫的化学结构、热化学性能、微观形貌和力学性能,并对泡沫的发泡过程进行了分析。结果表明,泡沫酰亚胺化完全,密度在45~57 kg/m3,孔隙率为95.32 %,比表面积为7.267 m2/g,孔径分布主要集中在200~20 μm之间,微观结构呈现薄片互相粘连的三维片网状结构。其压缩10 %形变的应力为16.19 kPa,弯曲最大强度为300.73 kPa,与同类型聚酰亚胺泡沫相当。

关键词: 聚酰亚胺, 开孔泡沫, 真空发泡

Abstract:

Rigid open⁃cell polyimide (PI) foam was synthesized from a precursor based on 3,3',4,4'⁃oxydiphthalic anhydride and 4,4'⁃oxydianiline. The precursor was first foamed under a vacuum atmosphere and subsequently heated to 350 ℃ in air to complete imidization. The chemical structure, thermal properties, microstructure, and mechanical performance of both the precursor and the final foam were comprehensively characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical testing. The foaming process was also investigated. The results indicated that the foam was fully imidized and exhibited a density ranging from 45 to 57 kg/m³, an open porosity of 95.32 %, and a specific surface area of 7.267 m²/g. The pore size distribution was predominantly between 20 and 200 μm, and the microstructure presented a three⁃dimensional sheet⁃like network where the sheets were mutually adherent. The foam demonstrated a compressive stress at 10 % strain of 16.19 kPa and maximum bending strength of 300.73 kPa. These properties are comparable to those of other polyimide foams of the same type.

Key words: polyimide, open?cell foam, vacuum foaming

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