乳液模板法制备相变泡沫材料及其储热性能增强研究

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.03.004

中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 19-24.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.03.004

乳液模板法制备相变泡沫材料及其储热性能增强研究

邓静倩¹(), 孔鹏², 侯丹丹¹()

^1.中国石化，北京化工研究院，中石化医用卫生材料研究与应用重点实验室，北京 100013
^2.北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院，北京 100029

收稿日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2025-03-26 发布日期:2025-03-24
通讯作者: 侯丹丹（1981-），女，高级工程师，从事高分子材料与精细化学品的研究工作，houdd.bjhy@sinopec.com
E-mail:dengjq.bjhy@sinopec.com;houdd.bjhy@sinopec.com
作者简介:邓静倩（1995-），女，博士，工程师，从事多孔材料的制备工作，dengjq.bjhy@sinopec.com

Fabrication of foamy phase change materials with enhanced thermal performance by emulsion⁃templating method

DENG Jingqian¹(), KONG Peng², HOU Dandan¹()

^1.Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry，Sinopec Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Medical and Hygienic Materials，Beijing 100013，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers，Beijing University of Chemical Technology，Beijing 100029，China

Received:2024-09-04 Online:2025-03-26 Published:2025-03-24
Contact: HOU Dandan E-mail:dengjq.bjhy@sinopec.com;houdd.bjhy@sinopec.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用乳液模板法制备了聚苯乙烯/石蜡复合相变泡沫材料（EPSPW），其中石蜡被包封在泡沫材料的孔隙中。结果表明，EPSPW的孔隙率为85 %~92 %（体积分数，下同），孔径介于3.5~10 μm，分布较窄；当石蜡含量为30 %（质量分数，下同）时，EPSPW在33倍自身质量的载荷下表现出优异的形状稳定性，且无石蜡泄露；浸出测试显示，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下样品中的质量损失率仅为3%；EPSPW的熔融焓达到32 J/g，远远高于直接发泡的相变泡沫材料的相变焓（大多在15~20 J/g之间）；此外，EPSPW在50次加热/冷却循环中表现出良好的循环稳定性。

关键词: 泡沫相变材料, 乳液模板, 石蜡, 热性能

Abstract:

Polystyrene/paraffin phase⁃change composite foam （EPSPW） was prepared through encapsulating paraffin into the pores of the foam using an emulsion⁃templating method. SEM observation indicated that the porosity of EPSPW ranged from 85 to 92 vol% and the pore size ranged from 3.5 to 10 μm with a narrow distribution. When the paraffin content was 30 wt%， EPSPW exhibited excellent shape stability without any leakage of paraffin， and its loading of paraffin was 33 times as great as its own mass. The leaching test results indicated that the mass loss rate of the sample was only 3 wt% at temperatures above the melting point of paraffin. EPSPW presented a melting enthalpy of 32 J/g， which was much higher than that of directly foamed phase⁃change foam materials （mostly around 15~20 J/g）. In addition， EPSPW exhibited good cycle stability over 50 heating/cooling cycles.

Key words: foamy phase change material, emulsion template, paraffin wax, thermal performance

中图分类号:

TQ325.2

邓静倩, 孔鹏, 侯丹丹. 乳液模板法制备相变泡沫材料及其储热性能增强研究[J]. 中国塑料, 2025, 39(3): 19-24.

DENG Jingqian, KONG Peng, HOU Dandan. Fabrication of foamy phase change materials with enhanced thermal performance by emulsion⁃templating method[J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(3): 19-24.

图/表 13

图1 石蜡/PS泡沫合成示意图

Fig.1 Synthetic schematic diagram of EPSPW

样品	质量比					石蜡质量分数/%
样品	St	DVB	Span80	石蜡	石蜡乳化剂	石蜡质量分数/%
EPS	4	4	2	0	0	0
EPSPW1	6	6	3	4.00	1	20.0
EPSPW2	4	4	2	4.00	1	26.7
EPSPW3	10	10	5	12.00	3	30.0
PW	0	0	0	10.00	0	100.0
PS/20wt%PW	6	6	3	3.75	0	20.0

表1 石蜡/PS相变材料的组成

Tab.1 Composition of paraffin/PS phase change material

图2 样品的FTIR谱图

Fig.2 FTIR curves of the samples

图3 样品的XRD谱图

Fig.3 XRD curves of the samples

图4 EPS和EPSPW3的SEM照片

Fig. 4 SEM of EPS and EPSPW3

样品	密度/g·cm^-3	孔隙率/%
EPS	0.055	93.9
EPSPW1	0.090	91.2
EPSPW2	0.130	87.1
EPSPW3	0.150	85.1

表2 泡沫的密度和孔隙率

Tab.2 Densities of the materials and volume portion of the pores

图5 石蜡和EPSPW3在70 ℃热处理前后的形貌变化（砝码质量为300 g）

Fig.5 Images showing the appearance changes of the pure PW and the EPSPW3 before and after the heat treatment at 70 ℃（The mass of weight was 300 g）

图6 EPSPW3在70 ℃下的质量损失率

Fig. 6 Weight loss of EPSPW3 samples over time at 70 ℃

图7 样品的DSC曲线

Fig.7 DSC curves of the samples

样品	T_cpeak/ ℃	ΔH_c/ J·g^-1	T_mpeak/ ℃	ΔH_m/ J·g^-1	X_relative/ %
PW	45.2	138.5	55.9	134.1	100.0
PS/20wt%PW	45.2	27.7	55.9	26.8	100.0
EPSPW1	46.1	18.2	53.4	17.6	65.6
EPSPW2	45.3	28.5	54.0	27.9	78.5
EPSPW3	45.7	33.0	53.4	32.0	79.5
EPSPW3⁃经过50个循环	45.7	32.8	53.4	31.9	-

表3 样品的热特性

Tab.3 Thermal characteristics of the samples

图8 50次热循环前后EPSPW3的DSC曲线

Fig.8 DSC curves of the EPSPW3 before and after 50 thermal cycles

图9 样品的TG曲线（a）和DTG曲线（b）

Fig.9 TG curves （a） and DTG curves （b） of the samples

样品名称	T_peak1^a/℃	T_peak2^b/℃
PW	317.9	-
EPSPW1	289.3	457.9
EPSPW2	302.2	454.2
EPSPW3	309.1	454.3

表4 样品的热降解性能

Tab.4 Thermal degradation properties of the samples

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乳液模板法制备相变泡沫材料及其储热性能增强研究

Fabrication of foamy phase change materials with enhanced thermal performance by emulsion⁃templating method

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