Study on Effect of Lignin⁃based Intumescent Flame Retardant on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin using Cone Calorimetry

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2021.09.016

Abstract

Abstract:

With the second largest reserve in nature， lignin was used as a supporting matrix for intumescent flame retardant. A lignin-based intumescent flame retardant named as Lig-T was successfully synthesized through introducing nitrogenous and phosphorus elements. In this flame retardant， the carbon source， acid source and gas source were integrated to achieve good flame retardancy. Epoxy resin （EP）/Lig-T composites were prepared at different mass fractions， and their thermal stability and flame retardancy were investigated through cone calorimetry， focusing on the heat release and smoke release law to simulate the condition of real fire accident. The results indicated that when the mass fraction of Lig-T was 20 %， the composites obtained a peak heat release rate of 1 960 kW/m²， a total heat release of 60.80 MJ/m²， and a total smoke release of 1 634 m²/m². All of these data exhibited a downward trend compared to the values of pure epoxy resin. In addition， the residual char yield at the end of combustion was increased from 4.26 to 10.01 wt%. Based on the synergistic flame retardant mechanism of gas phase and condensed phase， lignin can act as a carbon source of intumescent flame retardants to endow the composites with a better carbon-forming effect at high temperature， resulting in the formation of a stable and dense carbon layer structure during the combustion process. This work demonstrated that lignin can reduce the release of toxic gas as well as achieve a high?efficient flame-retardant effect， thus reducing the risk of fire.

Key words: lignin?based intumescent flame retardant, epoxy resin, cone calorimeter, heat release, smoke release

CLC Number:

TQ323.5

LIANG Mengke, QIU Jie, ZHU Yongchen, TIAN Huafeng, WU Zhipeng, LUO Zhenyang. Study on Effect of Lignin⁃based Intumescent Flame Retardant on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin using Cone Calorimetry[J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 103-108.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1. The heat release rate and total heat release curves of EP/Lig?T composites with different content of Lig?T

Fig.2. The somke release rate and total smoke release curves of EP/Lig?T composites with different content of Lig?T

Fig.3. The CO generation rate and CO2 generation rate curves of EP/Lig?T composites with different content of Lig?T

Fig.4. The O2， CO and CO2 content change curvesof EP/Lig?T composites with different content of Lig?T under the test environment

样品	CO生成速率峰值/g·s^-1	CO₂生成速率峰值/g·s^-1	O₂含量最小值/%	CO含量最大值/%	CO₂含量最大值/%
EP	0.067 9	1.039 7	14.33	0.401 5	4.515
EP/10 %Lig?T	0.065 8	1.033 2	15.58	0.367 6	3.714
EP/20 %Lig?T	0.062 5	0.863 5	17.03	0.300 9	3.010

Tab.1. The gas production rates and content parameters of EP/Lig?T composites under the test environment

样品	样品质量/g	残留物质量/g	残留物质量分数/%	平均质量损失率/g·s^-1
EP	47.76	2.034	4.268	0.100 3
EP/10 %Lig?T	49.58	3.575	7.211	0.085 0
EP/20 %Lig?T	49.98	5.003	10.01	0.062 0

Tab.2. The mass parameters of EP/Lig?T composites under the test environment

Fig.5. The digital photos of EP/Lig?T composites with different content of Lig?T

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