Compatibilizing effect on performance of PE⁃HD/corn stalk biochar composites

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.01.019

Abstract

Abstract:

Corn stalk （CS） was used as a raw material to prepare biochar， and then the PE?HD/corn stalkr biochar （CSB） composites was prepared through melt extrusion. The compatibilizing effect of maleic anhydride （MA） on the performance of the PE?HD/CSB composites was investigated. The prepared CSB and the resultant composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy， thermal weight analysis， Fourier?transform infrared spectroscopy， rotational rheometer （DHR?2）， X?ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interface properties of CS and CSB with PE?HD were evaluated using the Harmonic?Mean interface equations. The results indicated that compared to CS，CSB exhibited an increase in the degree of aromatization， and its interfacial tension with PE?HD was lower. The addition of MA improved the stability， compatibility， and mechanical properties of the PE?HD/CSB composites.

Key words: high?density polyethylene, biochar, thermal stability, compatibilizer, interfacial property, mechanical property

CLC Number:

TQ325.1⁺2

WANG Yazhen, LIU Xinyu, DONG Shaobo, LAN Tianyu, ZU Liwu. Compatibilizing effect on performance of PE⁃HD/corn stalk biochar composites[J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(1): 128-134.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1. PE?HD/CSB composite preparation process and coupling mechanism with MA

Fig.2. FTIR of CS and CSB

Fig.3. XPS full spectrum of CS and CSB

Fig.4. XPS carbon spectrum of CS and CSB

样品	接触角/（°）		色散分量（ $γ d$ ）/mN·m^-1	极性分量（ $γ p$ ）/mN·m^-1	表面张力（ $γ$ ）/mN·m^-1
样品	水	二碘甲烷	色散分量（ $γ d$ ）/mN·m^-1	极性分量（ $γ p$ ）/mN·m^-1	表面张力（ $γ$ ）/mN·m^-1
PE?HD	93.4	56.4	29.48	1.58	31.06
CS	65.1	29.0	39.55	9.93	49.48
CSB	114.3	77.2	19.40	0.02	19.42

样品	接触角/（°）		色散分量（ $γ d$ ）/mN·m^-1	极性分量（ $γ p$ ）/mN·m^-1	表面张力（ $γ$ ）/mN·m^-1
样品	水	二碘甲烷	色散分量（ $γ d$ ）/mN·m^-1	极性分量（ $γ p$ ）/mN·m^-1	表面张力（ $γ$ ）/mN·m^-1
PE?HD	93.4	56.4	29.48	1.58	31.06
CS	65.1	29.0	39.55	9.93	49.48
CSB	114.3	77.2	19.40	0.02	19.42

Tab.1. Contact angle and surface tension of each component

样品	界面张力/mJ·m^-2
PE?HD/CSB	3.601
PE?HD/CS	7.490

Tab.2. Interfacial tension between each component

Fig.5. SEM of the fracture surface of the material before and after carbonization and the biochar composite material

Fig.6. Tensile and flexural strength of PE?HD and its composites

Fig.7. TG and DTG curves of PE?HD and its composites

Fig.8. Strain amplitude sweep curve of PE?HD and its composite materials

Fig.9. Relationship between the complex viscosity and frequency of PE?HD and its composites

Fig.10. Han relationship curves of PE?HD and composite materials

References 20

1	PILLA S. Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications （Pilla/Handbook） Ⅱ Starch Based Composites for Packaging Applications［J］.2011， 10.1002/9781118203699：189⁃266.
2	FARUK O， BLEDZKI A K， FINK H P， et al. Progress report on natural fiber reinforced composites［J］. Macromol Mater Eng，2014，299 （1）：9⁃26.
3	DEVALLANCE D B， OPORTO G S， QUIGLEY P. Investigation of hardwood biochar as a replacement for wood flour in wood⁃polypropylene composites［J］.J Elastomers Plast，2016，48 （6）：510⁃522.
4	NAN N， DEVALLANCE D B， XIE X， et al. The effect of bio⁃carbon addition on the electrical， mechanical， and thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol/biochar composites［J］.J Compos Mater， 2016，50 （9）：1 161⁃1 168.
5	DAS O， SARMAH A K， BHATTACHARYYA D. A novel approach in organic waste utilization through biochar addition in wood/polypropylene composites［J］.Waste Manage，2015，38： 132⁃140.
6	张克宏，肖慧，张晓飞，等.聚乳酸/玉米秸秆粉复合材料的制备与性能研究［J］.中国塑料，2017，31（11）：72⁃77.
	ZHANG K H， XIAO H，ZHANG X F， et al. Properties and preparation of poly（lactic acid）/straw powder compo⁃sites［J］.China Plastics， 2017，31（11）：72⁃77.
7	BAJWA D S， BAJWA S G， HOLT G A. Impact of biofibers and coupling agents on the weathering characteristics of composites［J］.Polym Degrad Stab ，2015，120：212⁃219.
8	DAS O， BHATTACHARYYA D， SARMAH A K.Sustainable eco⁃composites obtained from waste derived biochar： a consideration in performance properties，production costs， and environmental impact［J］. J Cleaner Prod ，2016，129 ：159⁃168.
9	AYRILMIS N， KWON J H， HAN T H， et al. Effect of wood⁃derived charcoal content on properties of wood plastic composites［J］. Mater Res ，2015，18 （3）：654⁃659.
10	黄玉东. 聚合物表面与界面技术［M］. 化学工业出版社， 2003： 15⁃18.
11	郝艳霞. 氧化锆多孔膜和涂层的制备、表征及性能研究［D］. 南京：南京理工大学， 2003.
12	王延鹏. 聚偏氟乙烯/氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混材料的制备、结构与性能研究［D］. 广州：华南理工大学， 2015.
13	ATIQAH A， JAWAID M， SAPUAN S M， et al. Thermal properties of sugar palm/glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane hybrid composites［J］.Compos Struct， 2018，202： 954⁃958.
14	YEMELE M C N， KOUBAA A， CLOUTIER A， et al. Effect of bark fiber content and size on the mechanical properties of bark/HDPE composites［J］. Composites Part A ，2010， 41（1）： 131⁃137.
15	张星河. 聚烯烃HNTs纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究［D］. 扬州：扬州大学， 2017.
16	PAYNE A R. The dynamic properties of carbon black⁃loaded natural rubber vulcanizates. Part I［J］. Journal of Applied Polymer Science， 1962， 6（19）： 57⁃63.
17	JIMÉNEZMM， RAMÍREZA， FRESNO M J. Applied rheology and polymers［J］. Ciencia y Tecnologia Pharmaceutica， 2002， 12（2）：77⁃93.
18	王雅珍，敖琳，岳成娥，等. PP／TiO₂复合材料老化前后动态流变性能研究［D］. 齐齐哈尔：齐齐哈尔大学， 2014.
19	刘本刚，董帅，王向东，等. PS/PETG共混物的流变性能和发泡行为研究［J］.中国塑料，2014，28（8）：72⁃77.
	LIU B， DONG S， WANG X， et al. Rheological and foaming behavior of PS/PETG blends［J］. China Plastics， 2014.28（8）：72⁃77.
20	AZIZI H，GHASEMI I.Investigation on the dynamic melt rheological properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites［J］. Polym Compos，2009，30： 429⁃435.

[1]	YU Changyong, XIN Zhong. Effect of α/β complex nucleating agent based on hexahydrophthalate on properties of polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 121-128.
[2]	TAN Liqin, LIU Weiqu, LIANG Liyan, WANG Shuo, FENG Zhiqiang, LIN Jiaming. Preparation and performance of epoxy resin modified with mercaptan polysiloxane [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 21-29.
[3]	XU Jie, ZHONG Jinfu, TONG Xiaoqian, LI Guangfu, FU Dongliang, LI Chengcheng. Preparation and performance of carboxyl⁃terminated tannic acid/gallic acid⁃based epoxy composite [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 44-50.
[4]	LI Kaize, XIN Yong. Properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites modified with carbon nanotubes [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 1-5.
[5]	WANG Shuai, ZHANG Yudi, YANG Fukai, XU Xinyu. Preparation and properties of polyimide/multi⁃walled carbon nanotubes composite foams [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 39-45.
[6]	WANG Jinye, TANG Bohu, YANG Lining, XIE Meng, GUO Zechao, YANG Guang. Study on multi⁃jet⁃fusion forming process of PA12 parts [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 81-86.
[7]	SUN Wenbo, XIN Chunling, HE Yadong, ZHAI Yujiao, YAN Baorui. Influence of micro⁃foaming injection molding process on cell structure of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced PBT products [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 1-7.
[8]	WANG Ke, LONG Chunguang. Mechanical and tribological properties of ultra⁃high molecular weight polyethylene/sepiolite fiber composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 19-23.
[9]	CHEN Sheng, LIANG Yingchao, WU Fangjuan, FANG Hui, FAN Xinfeng, CHEN Hui, WANG Yonggang. Preparation and interfacial modification of polyamide 6/bidirectional warp⁃knitted glass fiber composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 24-28.
[10]	HE Hezhi, XU Li, YANG Yike. Effect of prestress on mechanical properties of PC/CF laminates [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 1-5.
[11]	WANG Qingsong. Development of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced polypropylene with high strength and low VOC [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 30-34.
[12]	LIU Guangyuan, ZHAI Qianchao, WANG Fengwu, WANG Yihui, ZHENG Debao, CHEN Xiangying, ZHANG Zhongjie. Preparation and performance of PE⁃HD compatibilizer and adhesive resin through binary monomer grafting [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 35-42.
[13]	LI Suyuan, LIU Huipeng, GONG Shun, HUANG Guotao, LI Yucai, WU Xin, DENG Jianping, PAN Kai. Preparation and characterization of EVA foaming materials modified with thermoplastic polyamide elastomer [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 6-14.
[14]	ZHANG Jiufu, LUO Kaiqiang, XU Jun, GUO Baohua. Study on comprehensive properties and influencing factors of long glass fiber reinforced PA66 composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 1-8.
[15]	ZHANG Shucheng, TANG Wenbin, YU Tianjiao, XU Zhenzhen, XING Jian. Preparation and properties of polyurethane foams with different contents of polyether polyol [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 104-109.