Effects of multiple extrusions on mechanical and foaming properties of polypropylene/bamboo fiber composites

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.02.009

Abstract

Abstract:

The polypropylene （PP）?based composite reinforced with 30 wt% bamboo powders （BP） was prepared through six?cycle extrusion using a twin?screw extruder. The effect of recycle times on the rheological， mechanical， and foaming properties of the BP/PP composite was investigated. The results indicated that with an increase in the cycle number of extrusion， the apparent viscosity of the composite increased at first and then tended to decrease， but its mechanical pro?perties showed an opposite trend. The apparent viscosity decreased by 23.75 % after extrusion for six time. Compared to the original composite， the composite extruded six times showed a decrease in tensile strength by 17.08 % and in strength by 31.18 %. With an increase in the cycle number of extrusion， the composite showed a change in cell distribution from uneven to uniform， and its cell size became uniform gradually. Moreover， the distribution of BP tended to be uniform in the cell wall， and BP became short rods and granules instead of long fibers.

Key words: extrusion cycle, bamboo powder, composite, rheological behavior, mechanical property, foaming behavior

CLC Number:

TQ325.1⁺4

LI Qiwei, WANG Cuicui, ZHENG Haijun, CHEN Jihe, WANG Ge, CHENG Haitao. Effects of multiple extrusions on mechanical and foaming properties of polypropylene/bamboo fiber composites[J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(2): 56-60.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1. Rheological performance of PP/BP composites

Fig.2. Tensile properties of PP/BP composites

Fig.3. Flexural properties of PP/BP composites

挤出次数	表观密度/kg·m^-3
挤出次数	发泡前	发泡后
1	997	93
2	1 021	153
3	980	97
4	990	82
5	984	94
6	968	101

Tab.1. Apparent density of PP/BP composite before and after foaming

Fig.4. SEM images of foamed BP/PP composites after different extruded cycles

Fig.5. Micromorphology of foamed BP/PP composites after different extruded cycles

References 23

1	木塑复合材料专家委员会 .我国木塑复合材料年产量接近300万吨［J］.塑料科技，2019，47（2）：4.
2	TEUBER L ， OSBURG V S ， TOPOROWSKI W ， et al . Wood polymer composites and their contribution to casca⁃ding utilisation［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2016， 110（1）：9⁃15.
3	梁恩铭 . 报废汽车成为再生资源［J］. 资源节约与环保， 2006， 22（2）：42⁃43.
4	张建耀，刘春阳 .汽车用聚丙烯树脂的开发及国内应用现状［J］.中国塑料，2018，32（2）：19⁃26.
	ZHANG J Y ， LIU C Y . Development of polypropylene resins for automobiles and their application situation in china［J］.China Plastics， 2018，32（2）：19⁃26.
5	GUO Q P ， CHENG B ， KORTSCHOT M ， et al . Performance of long canadian natural fibers as reinforcements in polymers. journal of reinforced plastics and composites， 2010，29（21）：3 197⁃3 207.
6	DICKSON A R ， EVEN D ， WARNES J M ， et al . The effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced with wood pulp， flax or glass fibre［J］. Composites Part A： Applied Science and Manufacturing， 2014， 61：258⁃267.
7	张来胜，王婷兰，唐颂超，等 . 挤出循环对玻纤增强PA66复合材料流变性能和力学性能的影响［J］. 华东理工大学学报（自然科学版）， 2017， 43（2）：178⁃183，202.
	ZHANG L S ， WANG L T ， TANG S C ， et al . Influence of extrusion cycle on the rheological and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced PA66 composites［J］. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology（Natural Science Edition）， 2017， 43（2）：178⁃183，202.
8	陈旭东，沈家瑞，夏成林 .PVC/MBS共混物熔体毛细管流变性能研究［J］.中山大学学报（自然科学版），2001， 40（6）：46⁃50.
	CHEN X D ， SHEN J R ， XIA C L . Studies on the capi⁃llary rheological characteristics of PVC/MBS melts［J］. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni， 2001， 40（6）：46⁃50.
9	GUERRICAECHEVARRIA G ， NAZABAL J ， EGUIAZABAL J I . Effects of reprocessing conditions on the properties of unfilled and talc⁃filled polypropylene［J］. Polymer Degradation and Stability， 1996， 53（1）：1⁃8.
10	FONSECA⁃VALERO C ， OCHOA⁃MENDOZA A ， ARRANZ⁃ANDRES J ， et al . Mechanical recycling and composition effects on the properties and structure of hardwood cellulose⁃reinforced high density polyethylene eco⁃composites［J］.Composites Part A： Applied Science & Manufacturing， 2015，69：94⁃104.
11	BEG M D H， PICKERING K L . Reprocessing of wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Part I： Effects on physical and mechanical properties［J］. Composites Part A： Applied Science and Manufacturing ，2008，39（7）：1 091⁃1 100.
12	BOURMAUD A ， AUSIAS G ， LEBRUN G ， et al . Observation of the structure of a composite polypropylene/flax and damage mechanisms under stress［J］. Industrial Crops and Products， 2013， 43：225⁃236.
13	AURICH T ， MENNIG G . Flow⁃induced fiber orientation in injection molded flax fiber reinforced polypropylene［J］. Polymer Composites， 2001， 22（5）：680⁃689.
14	JOSEPH P V ， JOSEPH K ， THOMAS S . Effect of processing variables on the mechanical properties of sisal⁃fibre⁃reinforced polypropylene composites［J］. Composites Scien⁃ce and Technology， 1999， 59（11）：1 625⁃1 640.
15	BRODOWSKY H ， MÄDER E . Investigation of transcrystalline interphases in polypropylene/glass fiber composites using micromechanical tests［J］. Fibers， 2018， 6（1）：16⁃27.
16	SOBCZAK L ， BRÜGGEMANN O ， PUTZ R F . Polyo⁃lefin composites with natural fibers and wood‐modification of the fiber/filler–matrix interaction［J］. Journal of App⁃lied Polymer Science， 2012， 127：1⁃17.
17	MORÁN J ， ALVAREZ V ， PETRUCCI R ，et al . Mechanical properties of polypropylene composites based on natural fibers subjected to multiple extrusion cycles［J］. Journal of Applied Polymer Science， 2007， 103： 228⁃237.
18	傅海涛，王清文，王海刚 . 循环挤出加工对木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响［J］. 高分子材料科学与工程， 2017， 33（5）： 102⁃108.
	FU H T ， WANG Q W ， WANG H G . Influence of reprocess on the wood fibre reinforced polyethylene composites［J］.Polymer Materials Science & Engineering， 2017， 33（5）： 102⁃108.
19	BAKKAL M ， BODUR M S ， BERKALP O B ， et al . The effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of the waste fabric reinforced composites［J］. Journal of Materials Processing Technology， 2012， 212（11）：2 541⁃2 548.
20	ELHAM N ， MOHAMMAD L ， GHANBAR E ， et al . Effects of multiple extrusions on structure⁃property performance of natural fiber high⁃density polyethylene biocomposites［J］. Materials Research， 2018， 21（2）：2⁃12.
21	KRAUSE K ， SAUERBIER P ， KODDENBERG T ， et al . Utilization of recycled material sources for wood⁃polypropylene composites： effect on internal composite structure， particle characteristics and physico⁃mechanical pro⁃perties［J］. Fibers， 2018， 6（4）：86⁃103.
22	LOPEZ J P ， GIRONES J ， MENDEZ J A . Recycling ability of biodegradable matrices and their cellulose⁃reinforced composites in a plastic recycling stream［J］. Journal of Polymers & the Environment， 2012， 20（1）：96⁃103.
23	LE DUIGOU A ， PILLIN I ， BOURMAUD A ， et al . Effect of recycling on mechanical behaviour of biocompostable flax/poly（l⁃lactide） composites［J］. Composites Part A： App⁃lied Science and Manufacturing， 2008， 39： 1 471⁃1 478.

[1]	YU Changyong, XIN Zhong. Effect of α/β complex nucleating agent based on hexahydrophthalate on properties of polypropylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 121-128.
[2]	TAN Liqin, LIU Weiqu, LIANG Liyan, WANG Shuo, FENG Zhiqiang, LIN Jiaming. Preparation and performance of epoxy resin modified with mercaptan polysiloxane [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 21-29.
[3]	SONG Yinbao, YANG Jianjun, LI Chuanmin. Study on properties and manufacturing precision of PDMS/SiC functionally gradient composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 30-36.
[4]	XU Jie, ZHONG Jinfu, TONG Xiaoqian, LI Guangfu, FU Dongliang, LI Chengcheng. Preparation and performance of carboxyl⁃terminated tannic acid/gallic acid⁃based epoxy composite [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 44-50.
[5]	LI Kaize, XIN Yong. Properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites modified with carbon nanotubes [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 1-5.
[6]	YANG Xiaolong, CHEN Wenjing, LI Yongqing, YAN Xiaokun, WANG Xiulei, XIE Pengcheng, MA Xiuqing. Research progress in polymer/graphene conductive composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 165-173.
[7]	WANG Shuai, ZHANG Yudi, YANG Fukai, XU Xinyu. Preparation and properties of polyimide/multi⁃walled carbon nanotubes composite foams [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 39-45.
[8]	WANG Jinye, TANG Bohu, YANG Lining, XIE Meng, GUO Zechao, YANG Guang. Study on multi⁃jet⁃fusion forming process of PA12 parts [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(6): 81-86.
[9]	SUN Wenbo, XIN Chunling, HE Yadong, ZHAI Yujiao, YAN Baorui. Influence of micro⁃foaming injection molding process on cell structure of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced PBT products [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 1-7.
[10]	WANG Ke, LONG Chunguang. Mechanical and tribological properties of ultra⁃high molecular weight polyethylene/sepiolite fiber composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 19-23.
[11]	CHEN Sheng, LIANG Yingchao, WU Fangjuan, FANG Hui, FAN Xinfeng, CHEN Hui, WANG Yonggang. Preparation and interfacial modification of polyamide 6/bidirectional warp⁃knitted glass fiber composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 24-28.
[12]	HE Hezhi, XU Li, YANG Yike. Effect of prestress on mechanical properties of PC/CF laminates [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 1-5.
[13]	LIU Wen, SHI Wenzhao, LIU Jinshu, LU Shaofeng, ZHOU Hongjuan. Research progress in electro⁃active shape memory composite materials [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 175-189.
[14]	RUAN Fangtao, XIA Chenglong, ZHANG Baogen, CAO Ye, LIU Zhi, XU Zhenzhen, ZHANG Jincao. Axial compressive properties of aramid⁃coated carbon⁃fiber⁃reinforced epoxy resins [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 19-23.
[15]	PENG Bo, XIAO Yunbin, GU Jiabao, CHEN Zijun, TANG Yanhuang, ZHU Gang, XU Huanxiang. Research progress in preparation and properties of polymer/graphene composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 190-197.