中国塑料 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 45-50.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2021.12.008

• 材料与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

无卤阻燃抑烟ABS材料的制备及性能研究

张泽, 贾垚, 崔永岩()   

  1. 天津科技大学化工与材料学院,天津 300457
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-01 出版日期:2021-12-26 发布日期:2021-12-22

Preparation and properties of halogen⁃free flame retardancy and smoke suppression of ABS composites

ZHANG Ze, JIA Yao, CUI Yongyan()   

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Materials,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China
  • Received:2021-07-01 Online:2021-12-26 Published:2021-12-22
  • Contact: CUI Yongyan E-mail:cyy@tust.edu.cn

摘要:

采用熔融共混法,以二乙基次膦酸铝(ADP)为主阻燃剂,聚磷酸铵(APP)为协效阻燃剂,对丙烯腈?丁二烯?苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)实现了良好的阻燃抑烟改性。利用极限氧指数测定仪、烟密度测试箱和锥形量热测试仪对复合材料的燃烧性能进行了测试,通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪等分析表征了复合材料的微观结构和热性能。结果表明,当ABS/ADP/APP质量比为100∶16∶4时,复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)可提高到29 %,烟密度等级下降到68.5,火点指数(FPI值)提高到0.215 s/(kW·m-2);复合材料在燃烧过程中会分解产生磷氧自由基,抑制基体燃烧的链式反应,并在材料表面形成大量细小空穴、膨胀疏松的炭层,取得了气相阻燃和凝聚相阻燃之间的良好协效。

关键词: 丙烯腈?丁二烯?苯乙烯共聚物, 二乙基次膦酸铝, 聚磷酸铵, 无卤, 阻燃, 抑烟

Abstract:

Acrylonitrile?butadiene?styrene copolymer (ABS) was melt blended with aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) as a main flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate aluminum diethylphosphinat (APP) as an auxiliary flame retardant. The resultant compounds achieved good flame?retardant performance and smoke suppression. Based on the analysis results obtained from the ultimate oxygen index, smoke density, cone calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, the compounds gained an increase in limited oxygen index by 29 vol% at a ABS/ADP/APP mass ratio of 100∶16∶4. Their smoke density decreased down to 68.5, but their fire potential index increased to 0.215 s / (kW·m-2). During the combustion process, the compounds decomposed to produce phosphorus oxygen free radicals, inhibiting the chain reaction of the matrix combustion. This resulted in the formation of a huge number of small cavities as well as the expanded and loose carbon layers on the surface of the compounds, generating a good synergetic effect between the gas?phase and condensed?phase flame retardants.

Key words: acrylonitrile?butadiene?styrene copolymer, aluminum diethylphosphinate, ammonium polyphosphate, halogen?free, smoke suppression, flame retardant

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