中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 100-105.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.02.019

• 综述 • 上一篇    

聚乙烯超细纤维非织造工艺研究进展

张莉彦1(), 殷荣政1, 谭晶1, 侯钦正1, 李长金2, 杨涛3, 杨卫民1, 李好义1()   

  1. 1.北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京 100029
    2.中石化(北京)化工研究院有限公司,北京 100029
    3.中国化学纤维工业协会,北京 100020
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-13 出版日期:2025-02-26 发布日期:2025-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 李好义(1987—),男,副教授,从事聚合物超细纤维绿色高效制造、聚合物熔体直写3D打印、微纳米材料先进制造及应用等方面的研究,lhy@mail.buct.edu.cn
    E-mail:zhangly@mail.buct.edu.cn;lhy@mail.buct.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张莉彦(1966—),女,副教授,从事机械设计、高分子材料先进制造研究,zhangly@mail.buct.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(U22B6012);中国石化科技部项目(223087)

Research progress in nonwoven technology of polyethylene ultrafine fibers

ZHANG Liyan1(), YIN Rongzheng1, TAN Jing1, HOU Qinzheng1, LI Changjin2, YANG Tao3, YANG Weimin1, LI Haoyi1()   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing,100029,China
    2.SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co,Ltd,Beijing,100029,China
    3.China Chemical Fiber Industry Association,Beijing 100020,China
  • Received:2024-05-13 Online:2025-02-26 Published:2025-02-27
  • Contact: LI Haoyi E-mail:zhangly@mail.buct.edu.cn;lhy@mail.buct.edu.cn

摘要:

为深入了解化工产品聚乙烯超细纤维制备现状,从纤维细度出发,对国内外聚乙烯超细纤维非织造工艺进行综述分析。梳理了凝胶纺丝、闪蒸相分离、静电纺丝、熔喷4条路线的成丝机理、细化方法及目前存在的问题,剖析了凝胶纺丝中溶胀、溶解行为及高品质凝胶液与超倍拉伸的关联;探讨了闪蒸相分离中的相态变化、超临界CO2“绿色制造”方法;针对聚乙烯非极性、分子量大、黏度高的物性,归纳了使用溶剂、添加导电粒子的溶液电纺以及通过共混小分子极性物质、提高降解温度升温降黏、增设环境温度延长鞭动时间来细化纤维的熔体电纺;分析了工艺参数对共混熔喷后开纤剥离多组分纤维的影响。最后指出使用超临界绿色流体、无卤素环境友好型溶剂等绿色制备方式为未来热点研究方向。

关键词: 超细纤维, 聚乙烯, 相分离, 熔喷, 静电纺丝

Abstract:

To understand the development status of polyethylene (PE) ultrafine fibers as a chemical product, the nonwoven technology of ultrafine fibers at home and abroad was introduced and analyzed from the aspect of fiber fineness, and the spinning mechanisms, refining methods, and existing problems of wet spinning, flash phase separation, electrospinning, and melt blowing methods were reviewed. The key factors of wet spinning were high⁃quality gel solution and super drawing. The morphology of the prepared fibers was directly influenced by the degree of entanglement of polymer molecular chains, phase changes, and degree of synergistic curing and stretching of multiphase flow in flash evaporation phase separation. Due to the non⁃polar nature, high molecular weight, and high viscosity, PE is mostly electrospun through using solvents and conductive particles in solutions. However, greener melt electrospinning has attracted attention, because it can refine the fibers through blending small molecular substances, improving degradation temperature, lowering viscosity, and setting environmental temperature to extend whip time. The effect of process parameter on the separation of multi⁃component fibers after blending and melt spraying was analyzed. Finally, the hot research directions in future were pointed out, including the sustainable development technologies for supercritical green fluids and halogen⁃free environmentally friendly solvents.

Key words: ultrafine fiber, polyethylene, phase separation, melt blown, electrospinning

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