中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 104-110.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.04.018

• 机械与模具 • 上一篇    下一篇

汽车前A柱上饰板低压注塑包覆成型工艺分析与模具设计

张文超1, 吴迪1, 张晗1, 妙磊1, 崔恩铭1, 王明伟1(), 叶星辉2, 于峻伟2   

  1. 1.大连工业大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁 大连 116034
    2.浙江凯华模具有限公司,浙江 台州 318020
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-31 出版日期:2025-04-26 发布日期:2025-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 王明伟,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事材料成型加工、智能制造等方面研究,dlwmw@163.com
    E-mail:dlwmw@163.com

Processing analysis and mold design of low⁃pressure injection molding of trim panel on front A⁃pillar of automobiles

ZHANG Wenchao1, WU Di1, ZHANG Han1, MIAO Lei1, CUI Enming1, WANG Mingwei1(), YE Xinghui2, YU Junwei2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Dalian Polytechnic University,Dalian 116034,China
    2.Zhejiang KaihuaMould Co,Ltd,Taizhou 318020,China
  • Received:2024-05-31 Online:2025-04-26 Published:2025-04-23
  • Contact: WANG Mingwei E-mail:dlwmw@163.com

摘要:

鉴于汽车前A柱上饰板结构复杂,内部含有众多加强筋、倒扣特征、卡扣座和支撑结构底座等结构,且外观面需要进行面料包覆处理,因此设计了一副1模2腔带有顺序阀控制的热流道低压注塑包覆模具。由于是低压注塑包覆成型,热流道无法从型腔侧进胶,所以在塑件B面即在型芯侧开设直接浇口对其注射成型,通过CAE模流分析来验证浇注系统的合理性,并预测其成型过程中可能存在的缺陷问题。为了应对其结构的复杂性带来的脱模困难问题,分别设计了“弹簧+滑块”、“斜顶杆+斜顶块”及“油缸+滑块”等机构进行侧向抽芯及脱模。顶出机构则由油缸驱动,通过“直顶块+直顶杆+顶针”等部件将塑件顶出。在模具开始工作之前,需要先将面料平整地铺设在型腔一侧,然后进行合模和注射成型。最终结合实际生产验证,该模具结构合理,能够稳定安全地运行,并且生产出的产品符合设计标准。

关键词: 汽车前A柱上饰板, 低压注塑包覆成型工艺, Moldex 3D, 倒装模具结构, 侧向抽芯机构

Abstract:

In view of the complicated structure of the trim panel on the front A⁃pillar of a car with many internal reinforcement bars, inverted buckle features, snap seats and support structure base, and other structures, and the exterior surface needs to be covered with fabrics. In this case, a low⁃pressure injection overmolding process is adopted, and a pair of one⁃mold and a two⁃cavity valve hot runner low⁃pressure injection overmolding inverted molds were designed. Owing to the low⁃pressure injection overmolding, the hot runner could not feed the glue from the cavity side. Therefore, a direct gate was opened on the B⁃side (the core side) of the molded part, and the Moldex 3D mold flow analysis software was used to verify the reasonableness of the pouring system and analyze the possible defects in the molding process. For the inverted feature, a “spring+slider” side core extraction mechanism was adopted. The “inclined top bar+inclined top block” and “cylinder+slider” mechanisms were adopted for the support structure base and snap seat structures, respectively. The “oblique top bar+oblique top block” and “oil cylinder+slider” mechanisms were designed for the support structure base and snap seat structures, respectively, and used for lateral core extraction and demolding. The ejector mechanism was driven by an oil cylinder to eject the molded parts by the “straight top block+straight top bar+ejector pin” mechanism together with other components. Before the mold starts to work, it is necessary to lay the fabric flat on the one side of the cavity at first and then close the mold and injection molding. When the mold is opened, the lateral core⁃extraction mechanism moves to both sides under the action of cylinders and springs. After the core extraction, the ejector cylinder can provide a power to drive all the ejector parts to eject. As a result, the plastic parts, cold runners, and excess overflow material can be smoothly demolded from the mold. The mold structure is reasonable and can be operated stably and safely, and the obtained products produced can meet the design standard.

Key words: automotive front a-pillar upper trim panel, low-pressure injection overmolding process, Moldex 3D, inverted mold structure, lateral core pulling mechanism

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