Preparation and properties of surface⁃modified tungsten trioxide⁃filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

To improve the wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE）， KH560⁃surface⁃modified and non⁃surface⁃modified tungsten trioxide （WO₃） filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites were comparatively studied. The PTFE/nano⁃WO₃ composites were prepared through cold pressing and sintering， and their mechanical and tribological properties were investigated by using material testing and wear testing machines. The effects of nano⁃WO₃ content and surface modification on the properties of the composites were also investigated. The results indicated that grafting KH560 on the surface of nano⁃WO₃ improved the compatibility between the PTFE matrix and modified nano⁃WO₃ and thus improved the mechanical properties of the PTFE/nano⁃WO₃ composites. Compared to pure PTFE， the composite containing 5 wt% modified nano⁃WO₃ showed a decrease in tensile strength by 17.7 %， but an increase in elongation at break increased by 43.5 % and in bending strength by 16.1 %. Compared to the composites with unmodified nano⁃WO₃， the introduction of modified nano⁃WO₃ effectively improved the wear resistance of PTFE. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite containing 5 wt% modified nano⁃WO₃ were reduced by 14.2 % and 73.4 %， respectively， compared to those of pure PTFE. The findings of this work will provide a technical reference for the application of PTFE and the research and development of new materials.

Key words: tungsten trioxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, surface modification, wear resistance, tensile property

CLC Number:

TQ325.4

LIN Xuhang, QIAN Shanhua, ZHANG Wei, BIAN Da, NI Zifeng. Preparation and properties of surface⁃modified tungsten trioxide⁃filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(4): 6-12.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of preparation process of surface⁃modified nano⁃WO3

Fig.2. FTIR of unmodified and modified nano⁃WO3 powder

Fig. 3. Variation in hardness， tensile strength， elongation at break， and bending strength of PTFE composite materials with filler

Fig.4. SEM of tensile cross sections of PTFE and PTFE/nano⁃WO3 composites

Fig.5. Variation curves in friction coefficient with time and nano⁃WO3 content

Fig.6. Three⁃dimensional topography of PTFE/nano⁃WO3 and PTFE/nano⁃MWO3 composites

Fig.7. Variation curves in wear depth with time and the change of wear rate with nano⁃WO3 content of the composite

Fig.8. Wear rate of nano⁃WO3 composites with different content

Fig.9. Wear surface micromorphology of the composite

References 25

1	DHANUMALAYAN E， JOSHI G M. Performance properties and applications of polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE）⁃a review［J］. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials， 2018， 1（2）：247⁃268.
2	HE Y， WU Y L， ZHU X X， et al. Remarkable improvement of the catalytic performance of PtFe nanoparticles by structural ordering and doping［J］. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces， 2019， 11（12）：11 527⁃11 536.
3	GARDINER J. Fluoropolymers： origin， production， and industrial and commercial applications［J］. Australian Journal of Chemistry， 2015， 68（1）：13⁃22.
4	ZHAO J Z， MA P B. Comparative study on the tribological properties of PTFE coated kevlar fabric and hybrid PTFE/Kevlar fabric［J］. Fibers and Polymers， 2022， 23（4）：1 111⁃1 118.
5	WU J X， LIU Q， FENG B， et al. Improving the energy release characteristics of PTFE/Al by doping magnesium hydride［J］. Defence Technology， 2022， 18（2）：219⁃228.
6	TSENG D Y， EDELMAN E R. Effects of amide and amine plasma⁃treated ePTFE vascular grafts on endothelial cell lining in an artificial circulatory system［J］. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research， 1998， 42（2）：188⁃198.
7	李延骁，左正兴，冯慧华. 自由活塞发动机活塞环⁃气缸套的润滑及摩擦特性［J］.内燃机学报， 2018， 36（4）： 353⁃359.
	LI Y X， ZUO Z X， FENG H H. Lubrication and friction characteristics of piston ring for free piston engine ［J］.Transactions of CSICE， 2018， 36（4）： 353⁃359.
8	吴学瑞，秦东宾，郭宗斌，等. 无油活塞式空压机的设计与试验验证［J］.电力机车与城轨车辆， 2021， 44（5）： 51⁃54.
	WU X R， QIN D B， GUO Z B， et al. Design and test verification of oil⁃free piston air compressor［J］.Electric Locomotives & Mass Transit Vehicles， 2021， 44（5）： 51⁃54.
9	葛正浩，张卫敏. 纳米材料填充改性对PTFE复合材料性能的影响综述［J］.塑料工业， 2021， 49（12）： 12⁃17，66.
	GE Z H， ZHANG W M. Review on the effect of nano material filling modification on the properties of ptfe composites［J］.China Plastics Industry， 2021， 49（12）： 12⁃17，66.
10	杨东亚，王月，董悦，等. 不同纳米填料增强PPS⁃PTFE共混物的摩擦磨损性能分析［J］.功能材料， 2014， 45（6）： 6 011⁃6 015.
	YANG D Y， WANG Y， DONG Y， et al. Tribological performance of different nanopaticles reinforced PPS⁃PTFE blends［j］.Journal of Functional Materials， 2014， 45（6）： 6 011⁃6 015.
11	曹文翰，龚俊，杨东亚，等. 纳米碳化锆改性填充聚四氟乙烯⁃聚苯硫醚复合材料摩擦磨损性能［J］.高分子材料科学与工程， 2018， 34（2）： 48⁃55.
	CAO W H， GONG J， YANG D Y， et al. Tribological behavior of Nano⁃ZrC reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene⁃polyphenylene sulfide composites［J］.Polymer Materials Science & Engineering， 2018， 34（2）： 48⁃55.
12	HAN Y， ZHENG B， CHEN J， et al. Study on the reinforcing effect of nano⁃SiO₂ filled PTFE composites［J］. Aip Advances， 2019， 9（5）： 055217.
13	顾红艳，丁兰英. 纳米SiC粒子的表面处理对PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的性能影响［J］.中国塑料， 2010， 24（11）： 58⁃61.
	GU H Y， DING L Y. Effect of surface treatment of SiC nano⁃particles on properties of PTFE/nano SiC composites［J］.China Plastics， 2010， 24（11）： 58⁃61.
14	吴迪，徐文治，白志民，等. 改性凹凸棒石及硅灰石填充PTFE的摩擦性能研究［J］.塑料科技， 2023， 51（3）： 51⁃54.
	WU D， XU W， BAI Z M， et al. Tribological properties of PTFE filled with modified palygorskite and wollastonite［J］.Plastics Science and Technology， 2023， 51（3）： 51⁃54.
15	何春霞，陆德荣，肖声明. 纳米颗粒填充聚四氟乙烯基复合材料的分散性表征［J］.上海交通大学学报， 2011， 45（9）： 1 411⁃1 415.
	HE C X， LU D R， XIAO S M. Dispersion characterization of PTFE composites filled with different nano⁃particles［J］.Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University， 2011， 45（9）： 1 411⁃1 415.
16	戴旭阳，周生泰，姚兴磊，等. 氧化铝填充改性聚四氟乙烯软管研究［J］.山东化工， 2017， 46（14）： 33⁃34，38.
	DAI X Y， ZHOU S T， YAO X L， et al. A research report of Al₂O₃ filled⁃PTFE tube［j］.Shandong Chemical Industry， 2017， 46（14）： 33⁃34，38.
17	路琴，吕少卉，何春霞. 纳米碳化硅改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能［J］.中国塑料， 2012， 26（8）： 45⁃49.
	LU Q， LV S H， HE C X. Friction and wear properties of nano⁃SiC modified PTFE composites［J］.China Plastics， 2012， 26（8）： 45⁃49.
18	BALAZSI C， WANG L， ZAYIM E O， et al. Nanosize hexagonal tungsten oxide for gas sensing applications［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2008， 28（5）：913⁃917.
19	周卓锐，赵修建. 水热法制备Nd³⁺掺杂WO₃粉体及其光致变色性质［J］.光子学报， 2019， 48（2）： 189⁃195.
	ZHOU Z R， ZHAO X J. Hydrothermal synthesis and studies on photochromic properties of Hd³⁺ doped WO₃ power［J］.Acta Photonica Sinica， 2019， 48（2）： 189⁃195.
20	HE F， MENG A Y， CHENG B， et al. Enhanced photocatalytic H-2⁃production activity of WO₃/TiO₂ step⁃scheme heterojunction by graphene modification［J］. Chinese Journal of Catalysis， 2020， 41（1）：9⁃20.
21	WANG Y X， YANG Z Y， WANG H Y， et al. Investigation of PTFE⁃based ultra⁃low dielectric constant composite substrates with hollow silica ceramics［J］. Journal of Materials Science⁃Materials in Electronics， 2022， 33（7）：4 550⁃4 558.
22	PURCAR V， RADITOIU V， DUMITRU A， et al. Antireflective coating based on TiO₂ nanoparticles modified with coupling agents via acid⁃catalyzed sol⁃gel method［J］. Applied Surface Science， 2019， 487：819⁃824.
23	卢国库，龚俊，高贵，等. 聚醚醚酮和纳米二氧化硅改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学性能［J］.高分子材料科学与工程， 2022， 38（8）： 168⁃176.
	LU G K， GONG J， GAO G， et al. Tribological properties of polyetheretherketone and nano⁃SiO₂ filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites［J］.Polymer Materials Science & Engineering， 2022， 38（8）： 168⁃176.
24	齐慧敏，胡超，李洁，等. 宽温域环境中聚四氟乙烯及其复合材料摩擦学性能研究［J］.摩擦学学报， 2022， 42（1）： 65⁃73.
	QI H M， HU C， LI J， et al. Tribological performance of PTFE and its composite in wide temperature range［J］.Tribology， 2022， 42（1）： 65⁃73.
25	林启权，毛波，董文正，等. 二硫化钼与二硫化钨填充改性聚四氟乙烯的摩擦学性能［J］.高分子材料科学与工程， 2016， 32（11）： 51⁃57.
	LIN Q Q， MAO B， DONG W Z， et al. Tribological behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene composites modified with molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide［J］.Polymer Materials Science & Engineering， 2016， 32（11）： 51⁃57.

[1]	ZHANG Qingsong, LI Liangyong, CAO Weiqiang, CHENG Yanwen, PENG Tianxiang, WANG Juntong, LI Houyang. Effect of alkali⁃treated coir⁃geotextile on the tensile properties of epoxy resin⁃based materials [J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(4): 26-31.
[2]	LI Xianming, ZHANG Ning, LI Gaihua, LIU Shuang, LIU Zhengyuan. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate surface⁃modified hydrotalcite on thermal stability of PVC [J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(2): 82-86.
[3]	LI Hongbo, YANG Rui, SU Zhengtao. Effect of different rigid reinforcing fillers on properties of PTFE [J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(8): 13-19.
[4]	. Study on crystallization， rheological behavior and tensile properties of poly（lactic acid）/cellulose nanofiber composites [J]. , 2023, 37(4): 17-22.
[5]	. Preparation and performance of coir?fiber?reinforced epoxy composite geogrids [J]. , 2023, 37(3): 13-18.
[6]	LIU Qingkun, CONG Chuanbo, MENG Xiaoyu, ZHOU Qiong. Synthesis of reactive macromolecular antioxidants and their antioxidation properties in EPDM [J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(1): 99-105.
[7]	ZHANG Lin, XIA Zhangchuan, HE Yadong, XIN Chunling, WANG Ruixue, REN Feng. Influence of gas flow of plasma jet carrier on modification effect for glass fiber [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 7-15.
[8]	YU Darong, XIN Yong. Research progress in modification of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(8): 135-145.
[9]	ZHAO Xinxin, JIN Xiaodong, SHI Yan, SUN Shibing, LYU Feng, TIAN Yingliang, ZHAO Zhiyong. Surface modification of extruded polystyrene based on ultraviolet⁃ozone irradiation [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 8-13.
[10]	LI Juan, WANG Yaqiao. Effect of polytetrafluoroethylene fibrillation on the foaming behavior of TPEE/PTFE composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(12): 38-43.
[11]	LI Guili, YU Qiuran, HAO Mingliang, LI Haimei. Effect of surface treatment of ramie fiber on crystallization behavior and tensile properties of poly（lactic acid） [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(11): 51-58.
[12]	FU Yunzhao, ZHANG Qi, XIA Lidong, GAO Dali, ZHANG Shijun. Research progress in toughening of carbon⁃fiber⁃reinforced thermoplastic composites [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(10): 23-32.
[13]	WU Kun, FAN Yaqin, SHEN Qian, MIAO Zhuang, ZHOU Cheng. Study on aging state and life prediction of PTFE seals for nuclear power stations [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(10): 98-103.
[14]	CHEN Quangui, ZHANG Meilin, WANG Xiaojun, YANG Jie. Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Semi⁃aromatic Polyamide PA6T and Its PTFE Composites [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(7): 1-11.
[15]	ZHANG Bo, WANG Xiaofeng, GUO Meng, BAI Zhiyuan, REN Cuihong, HAN Wenjuan, UYAMA Hiroshi, LI Qian. Study on Surface Carboxylation Modification and Cytocompatibility of Poly（Lactic Acid） [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(5): 17-23.