Research progress in blending modification for regulating crystallization and mechanical properties of poly（lactic acid）

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.06.021

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper addresses the limitations in crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polylactic acid （PLA） stemming from its inherent molecular chain structure. Recent advancements in blending modification strategies for enhancing the crystallization and mechanical performance of PLA， as reported in domestic and international studies， are comprehensively reviewed. Key approaches include elastomer modification， polymer alloy blending， inorganic material reinforcement， nanoparticle incorporation， bio⁃based material integration， nucleating agent optimization， chain extender⁃based modification， and synergistic multi⁃component systems. To advance this field， prioritizing the use of biodegradable or bio⁃based fillers in PLA blends was proposed while improving interfacial compatibility. Furthermore， future research should focus on developing low⁃cost， PLA⁃compatible modifiers and eco⁃friendly compound systems. Such innovations represent a critical pathway to achieving high⁃performance PLA materials through sustainable blending modification techniques.

Key words: poly（lactic acid）, crystallization property, mechanical property, modification, research progress

CLC Number:

TQ321

NING Dingyi, ZHAO Tianjiao, DONG Yapeng, WANG Meizhen, HAO Xinyu, WANG Bo. Research progress in blending modification for regulating crystallization and mechanical properties of poly（lactic acid）[J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(6): 126-132.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig.1. The SEM photographs of the PLA/SP and PLA/SSP composites［23］

Fig.2. Morphology of the BF and BF/PLA composites［34］

Fig.3. In situ hot stage polarized microscope photograph of PLA/0.3%TMC-306［41］

Fig.4. Schematic of the reaction between the chain extender and the PLA end group （a） epoxy group （b） isocyanates group

References 51

1	宋洁，张蓉，韩家旋，等. PLA/天然废弃植物源提取物复合材料的制备与性能［J］. 化工新型材料，2024，52（06）：247⁃252，258.
	SONG J， ZHANG R， HAN J X，et al. Preparation and properties of PLA/natural waste plant extract composites［J］. New Chemical Materials，2024，52（06）： 247⁃252，258.
2	Wei D， Wang G， Lou Z，et. al . Impact of aromatic sulfonate derivative on the crystallization，thermal resistance，and hydrolytic properties of poly（lactic acid）［J］. Polymers For Advanced Technologies，2024，35（06）：1⁃11.
3	CHEN X J， DING Y L， LI Y， et al. Modification of polylactide by poly（ionic liquid）⁃b⁃polylactide copolymer and bio⁃based ionomers： Excellent toughness， transparency and antibacterial property［J］. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2022，221，1 512⁃1 526.
4	吕超，罗书品，唐启恒，等. 木纤维添加量对木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能影响［J］. 木材科学与技术，2024，38（05）： 68⁃76.
	LYU C， LUO S P， TANG Q H. Effect of wood fiber content ratios on the properties of wood fiber/poly lactic acid composite materials［J］. Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology，2024，38（05）： 68⁃76.
5	FENG S Y， ZHAO W C， HE J H，et al. High Performance Polylactide Toughened by Supertough Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers： Properties and Mechanism［J］. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities，2023，39（5）： 750⁃756.
6	LONG Y R， LI H C， LI R B，et al. Modification on crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polylactide by the addition of polyamide elastomer［J］. Colloid and Polymer Science，2023，301（8）： 967⁃977.
7	孟维晓，李国华，张计敏，等. 聚丙烯酸酯弹性体/聚乳酸共混物的结晶性能［J］. 高分子材料科学与工程，2021，37（09）： 53⁃59.
8	Han K. Toughening Modification of Polylactic Acid by Thermoplastic Silicone Polyurethane Elastomer［J］. Polymers，2021，13（12）： 1 953.
9	Tessanan W， Phinyocheep P. Toughening modification of poly（lactic acid） using modified natural rubber［J］.Iranian Polymer Journal， 2022，31（4）： 455⁃469.
10	席立锋，周衡书，周忠成，等. 丙烯基弹性体增韧聚乳酸熔喷成型及性能［J］. 工程塑料应用，2022，50（03）： 32⁃37.
	XI L F， ZHOU H S， ZHOU Z C，et. al . Preparation and Properties of PBE/PLA Melt⁃blown Nonwovens［J］. Engineering Plastics Application，2022，50（03）： 32⁃37.
11	Long Y， Li H， Li R，et. al . Modification on crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polylactide by the addition of polyamide elastomer［J］. Colloid and Polymer Science，2023，301： 967⁃977.
12	喻咏，滕明才，程前，等. 聚对苯二甲酸⁃己二酸丁二醇酯/聚乳酸可降解复合材料的制备及其性能研究［J］. 化学推进剂与高分子材料，2024，22（04）： 56⁃60.
	YONG Y， TENG M C， CHENG Q，et. al . Study on preparation of poly（butylene adipate⁃co⁃terephthalate）/polylactic acid degradable composites and their performance ［J］. Chemical Propellants & Polymeric Materials，2024，22（04）： 56⁃60.
13	LI C， WANG B A， SHANG Z M，et. al . High⁃barrier poly（butylene succinate⁃co⁃terephthalate） blend with poly（lactic acid） as biodegradable food packaging films［J］. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2023，62（18）： 7 250⁃7 261.
14	陈荣源，陶林娜，赵凌锋，等. 聚乳酸/聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能［J］. 塑料，2023，52（03）： 166⁃171.
	CHEN R Y， TAO L N， ZHAO L F，et. al . Preparation and properties of polylactic acid / polyethylene composite［J］. Plastics，2023，52（03）： 166⁃171.
15	林强，丁正，王迎雪，等. PLA/PBAT复合材料的结构与性能［J］. 塑料，2016，45（03）： 65⁃67.
	LIN Q， DING Z， WANG Y X，et. al . Structure and properties of PLA/PBAT composite［J］. Plastics，2016，45（03）： 65⁃67.
16	杨皓然，张荣希，段同生，等. 高韧耐热PLA/PBS共混材料的制备及性能［J］. 工程塑料应用，2022，50（06）： 25⁃30.
	YANG H R， ZHANG R X， DUAN T S，et. al . Preparation and properties of PLA/PBS blends with high toughness and heat resistance［J］. Engineering Plastics Application，2022，50（06）： 25⁃30.
17	Burzic I， Pretschuh C， Kaineder D. Impact modification of PLA using biobased biodegradable PHA biopolymers［J］. European Polymer Journal，2019，114： 32⁃38.
18	Aslan M， Gananiar K， Buyukkaya U S T K. Physio⁃mechanical Characterization and Thermal Property Evaluation of Polylactic Acid/Waste Hazelnut Shell Flour Composite with Inorganic Additives［J］. Journal of Testing and Evaluation，2023，51（5）： 3 390⁃3 401.
19	DING Y， ZHANG C， LUO C C，et al. Effect of talc and diatomite on compatible， morphological， and mechanical behavior of PLA/PBAT blends［J］. e⁃Polymers，2021，21（1）： 234⁃243.
20	Foster C W， Down M P， Zhang Y，et. al . 3D Printed Graphene Based Energy Storage Devices［J］. Scientific Reports，2017，7： 42233.
21	Shakoor A， Thomas N.L. Talc as a nucleating agent and reinforcing filler in poly（lactic acid） composites［J］. Polymer Engineering and Science，2014，54（1）：64⁃70.
22	Ji N Y， Yu X X， Shi B N，et al. Morphological structure，impact toughness，thermal property and kinetic analysis on the cold crystallization of poly （lactic acid） bio⁃composites toughened by precipitated barium sulfate［J］. Polymer Degradation and Stability，2018，158： 176⁃189.
23	刘丽华，查玉莹，李友智，等. 贝壳粉对PLA复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响［J］. 塑料科技，2019，47（11）：85⁃90.
	LIU L H， CHA Y Y， LI Y Z，et. al . Effect of Shell powders on mechanical properties and thermal stability of PLA composites［J］. Plastics Science and Technology，2019，47（11）：85⁃90.
24	刘逸涵，边俊甲，潘宏伟，等. 铝酸酯改性碳酸钙提高聚乳酸的韧性和生物降解性［J］. 塑料科技，2020，48（05）：60⁃65.
	LIU Y H， BIAN J J， PAN H W，et. al . Aluminate modified calcium carbonate to improve toughness and biodegradability of polylactic acid［J］. Plastics Science and Technology，2020，48（05）：60⁃65.
25	SU X L， ZHAI Y L， JIA C，et al. Improved Antibacterial Properties of Polylactic Acid⁃Based Nanofibers Loaded with ZnO⁃Ag Nanoparticles through Pore Engineering［J］. ACS applied materials & interfaces，2023，15（36）： 42 920⁃42 929.
26	Wang B， Zhang X， Zhang L T，et al. Simultaneously reinforcing and toughening poly（lactic acid） by incorporating reactive melt⁃functionalized silica nanoparticles［J］. Journal of Applied Polymer Science，2020，137（26）： 48834.
27	余富忠. 聚乳酸/纳米钛复合材料的制备及性能研究［J］. 塑料工业，2020，48（09）： 51⁃55，163.
	YU F Z. The preparation and properties of nano⁃titanium/polylactic acid composite materials［J］. China Plastics Industry，2020，48（09）： 51⁃55，163.
28	鄂毅，邹姝燕，毛晨，等. 聚乳酸/银纳米线纳米复合材料的制备与结晶行为［J］. 高分子材料科学与工程，2022，38（02）： 80⁃87.
29	曹鸿璋，韩德全，于晓丽，等. 氢氧化镧纳米晶须制备及增韧改性聚乳酸研究［J］. 稀土，2022，43（04）： 46⁃54.
30	李双雯，崔永生，张琳，等.聚乳酸/可再生胶原⁃纤维素复合材料的制备［J］. 工程塑料应用，2023，51（09）： 27⁃31，39.
	LI S W， CUI Y S， ZHANG L，et al. Preparation and characterization of reproducible polylactic acid/collagen⁃cellulose composites［J］. Engineering Plastics Application，2023，51（09）： 27⁃31，39.
31	王思，关斌. 新能源汽车内饰用麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料老化性能研究［J］. 造纸科学与技术，2024，43（03）： 75⁃78.
	WANG S，GUAN B，Study on Aging Properties of Hemp Fiber/Polylactic Acid Composite for Interior Decoration of New Energy Vehicles［J］. Paper Science and Technology，2024，43（03）： 75⁃78.
32	戚士界，游翔宇，王瑞晨，等. 高木质素含量聚乳酸共混材料的制备及其性能研究［J］. 中国塑料，2024，38（02）： 45⁃51.
	QI S J， YOU X Y， WANG R C，et. al . Preparation and properties of poly（lactic acid）/lignin blends with high lignin content［J］. China Plastics，2024，38（02）： 45⁃51.
33	Zhang L， Lv S S， Sun C，et al. Effect of MAH⁃g⁃PLA on the Properties of Wood Fiber/Polylactic Acid Composites［J］. Polymers，2017，9（11）： 591.
34	Zhang K Q， Chen Z H， Smith Lee M.，et al. Polypyrrole⁃modified bamboo fiber/polylactic acid with enhanced mechanical，the antistatic properties and thermal stability［J］. Industrial Crops and Products，2021，162： 113227.
35	Olaiya ，N.G.， Maraveas ，C.， Salem ，M.A.，et. al . Viscoelastic and Properties of Amphiphilic Chitin in Plasticised Polylactic Acid/Starch Biocomposite［J］. Polymers，2022，14（11）： 2268.
36	Zhao X， Yu J， Liang X，et. al . Crystallization behaviors regulations and mechanical performances enhancement approaches of polylactic acid （PLA） biodegradable materials modified by organic nucleating agents［J］. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2023，233： 123581⁃123597.
37	LI C H， JIANG T， WANG J F，et.al. Enhancing the Oxygen⁃Barrier Properties of Polylactide by Tailoring the Arrangement of Crystalline Lamellae［J］. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering，2018，6（5）： 6247⁃6255.
38	Han D， Tian H， Liu L，et al. Scalable manufacturing of an amide⁃based nucleating agent for transparency and high heat resistance of polylactic acid［J］. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2024，264： 130574.
39	Liu S， He Y， Qu J P. Manufacturing High⁃Performance Polylactide by Constructing 3D Network Crystalline Structure with Adding Self⁃Assembly Nucleator［J］. Industrial ang Engineering Chemistry Research，2022，61（37）： 4567⁃4578.
40	张靖倩，曾广胜，彭军，等. 酰肼成核剂对聚乳酸结晶和力学性能的影响［J］. 材料科学与工程学报，2024，42（03）： 427⁃434.
	ZHANG Q Q， ZENG G S， PENG J，et. al . Effects of Hydrazide Nucleating Agents on Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid［J］. Journal of Materials Science ang Engineering，2024，42（03）： 427⁃434.
41	郭盛. 聚乳酸纤维的晶体结构与性能研究［D］. 上海：东华大学，2023.
42	陈志琪，潘均安，阳范文，等.环氧扩链剂对聚乳酸性能的影响［J］. 工程塑料应用，2022，50（06）： 144⁃148.
	CHEN Z Q， PAN J A， YANG F W，et. al . Effect of Epoxy Chain Extender on Properties of Polylactic Acid［J］. Engineering Plastics Application，2022，50（06）： 144⁃148.
43	Karkhanis Sonal S.， Matuana Laurent M.. Extrusion blown films of poly（lactic acid） chain⁃extended with food grade multifunctional epoxies［J］. Polymer Engineering and Science，2019，59： 2211⁃2219.
44	Luo W， Yang Y， Weng Y X，et al. Epoxidized cardanol oleate （ECD⁃OA） as an effective biobased chain extender of polylactic acid （PLA）［J］. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2024，282： 136903.
45	Barczewski M， Aniko J， Hejna A，et al. The use of chain extenders as processing aids in the valorization of single⁃use polylactide （PLA） products by rotomolding［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2024，478： 143969.
46	Aleksanyan V K， Smykovskaya S R， Samoilova A N，et al. Development of Poly（lactic acid）⁃Based Biocomposites with Silver Nanoparticles and Investigation of Their Characteristics［J］. Polymers，2024，16（19）： 2758⁃2758.
47	张克宏，王逍冉. 纳米纤维素协同聚氨酯增强增韧聚乳酸的研究［J］. 中国塑料，2020，34（11）： 23⁃28.
	ZHANG K H， WANG X R. Investigation on Reinforced and Toughened PLA with NCF and PU［J］. China Plastics，2020，34（11）： 23⁃28.
48	Barczewski Mateusz， Mysiukiewicz Olga， Matykiewicz Danuta，et al. Development of polylactide composites with improved thermomechanical properties by simultaneous use of basalt powder and a nucleating agent［J］. Polymer Composites，2020，41： 2947⁃2957.
49	王杰，辛德华，李晖，等. 纳米黏土与二氧化硅协同改性聚乳酸研究［J］. 中国塑料，2024，38（07）： 43⁃48.
	WANG J， XIN D H， LI H，et. al . Effect of hybrid reinforcement of nanoclay and silica on properties of poly（lactic acid）［J］. China Plastics，2024，38（07）： 43⁃48.
50	丁馨怡，顿东星，秦骏熙，等. 成核剂ST⁃NAB3改性扩链聚乳酸的微观结构与性能研究［J］. 中国塑料，2024，38（09）： 41⁃46.
	DING X Y， DUNG D X， QIN J X，et. al . Study on microstructure and properties of ST/NAB3 nucleating agent modified chain extended polylactic acid［J］. China Plastics，2024，38（09）： 41⁃46.
51	王澳华，顿东星，孟瑞静，等. 癸二酸二苯基二酰肼调控扩链改性聚乳酸的性能［J］. 中国塑料，2024，38（11）： 64⁃69.
	WANG A H， DUN D X， MENG R J，et. al . Study on performance regulation of chain extended poly（lactic acid） foams with diphenylhydrazide sebacic acid［J］. China Plastics，2024，38（11）： 64⁃69.

[1]	WU Xiran, JIA Zhixin, LIU Lijun, LI Jiqiang, ZHAO Chuantao, CHEN Bojie. Analysis of mechanical properties of PP⁃CGFR/PP⁃LGFR⁃integrated over⁃molding products [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(5): 1-8.
[2]	LI Wenzhuo, QIU Munan, WEN Bianying. Research progress in applications of polymer materials for functional component of new energy vehicles [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(5): 132-138.
[3]	FENG Shuo, ZHOU Shuyi, JIAO Yang, HU Miao, ZHANG Ruoxuan, JIN Yujuan. Effect of epoxy⁃terminated hyperbranched polyester on properties of poly（lactic acid）/talc blends [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(5): 36-42.
[4]	GUO Weichao, XIN Xiaohang, ZENG Shanlin, GAO Xinqin, TANG Aofei. Effect of region segmentation printing on performance of FDM 3D printed parts [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(5): 57-62.
[5]	CHEN Yezhong, GONG Dejun, FU Xuejun, OUYANG Chunping, ZHANG Yi, YIN Yansheng. Effects of lubricant type on mechanical and emanation properties of PBAT/PLA/calcium carbonate composites [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(5): 77-82.
[6]	LI Xiaoqian, CHEN Hao, GE Zhenghao, SONG Haojie, GAO Yanjun. Research progress in structural optimization and performance investigation of carbon⁃fiber⁃reinforced composite materials for automobiles [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(4): 118-125.
[7]	ZHANG Heng, LIU Hao, QIU Shouji, ZHANG Bing, WU Shuqing. Preparation and properties of TiO₂⁃whitening PA6/GF composites with excellent mechanical performance [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(3): 12-18.
[8]	YANG Qinglin, ZHOU Song, LI Canran, YU Wenda, LUO Yumei. Effect of SEBS⁃g⁃MAH on properties and morphology of PPO/PA66 blends [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(3): 30-35.
[9]	ZHANG Xun, LIU Xiang, FANG Mei, GUO Pan, FENG Yuezhan, HUANG Ming, LIU Chuntai. Simulation on mechanical performance of integrated T⁃shaped reinforced wall panel based on carbon fiber reinforced dynamic polymer composites [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(3): 53-59.
[10]	ZHANG Weizhen, ZHANG Qi, LI Yuan, LU Yonglai, ZHANG Shijun. Preparation and properties of PA6/CF composites toughened with epoxidized silicone rubber/methyl silicone rubber compounding system [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(3): 7-11.
[11]	WU Benze, LI Bin, LEI Yuan, HUANG Shaojun, LYU Wenjun, YU Chuanbai. Effect of surface modified Sb₂O₃ on properties of flame⁃retardant ABS/DBDPE/ Sb₂O₃ composites [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(3): 81-85.
[12]	LI Wanlong, YANG Weimin, WANG Shuo, LI Changjin, ZHANG Yang, TAN Jing, YAN Hua, LI Haoyi. Study on enhancement modification of melt⁃differential electrospun poly（lactic acid） fiber with CH⁃S04 [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(2): 1-5.
[13]	ZHANG Hui, TANG Zhanzhan, BAO Haixia, CHENG Xinyuan, CHEN Bin. Study on degradation of mechanical performance of unplasticized poly（vinyl chloride） pipes at different ambient temperature [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(2): 26-31.
[14]	DING Wen. Preparation and application of phosphate⁃waterborne polyurethane flame retardant for coating of cotton fabrics [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(2): 82-85.
[15]	MA Fengan, ZHAO Guanghui, TIAN Cheng, JIA Yuzhe, LIU Tao. Research progress in effect of defects on mechanical properties of continuous⁃fiber⁃reinforced composites [J]. China Plastics, 2025, 39(1): 104-111.